NIOS Class 12 Tourism Paper Oct 2019

NIOS Class 12 Tourism Question Paper 2019

SECTION – A

1. Name one of the greatest places of Jain heritage of unequated sanctity located in Bihar. Mention the main unique features of this holy place.

Ans: Mount Parsvanatha, Bihar, one of the greatest places of Jain Heritage of unequalled sanctity, is Mount Parsvanatha or Sametsikhara in Bihar.

It is believed that here no fewer than twenty of the twenty-four Tirthankara left their last earthly bodies and achieved moksha.
The mountain rises handsomely from forested lower slopes to its rugged peak, and the summit is covered with temples.

2. Mention any two categories of leadership theories.

Ans:

Behavioural Theories: These theories identified behaviours that differentiated effective leaders from ineffective leaders. Based on these people could be trained to be leaders.
Situational Theories: Situational approaches to leadership take the position that there is no one best way to lead in all situations.

3. Explain the concept of ‘Transport’ with reference to tourism. 2×1=2

Ans: Transport overcomes the physical constraints of distance and meets the human needs for movement over space. It provides a link between the origin of tourism and its destination. Human movement at national and international levels is taking place because of various means of transport.

4. Explain the importance of ‘air transport’ in the development of tourism. 2

Ans: Airways are very important for foreign tourists as many of the countries are not linked with rail or road transport. It is the fastest means of transport, but it is costly. Many of the countries are connected by air, which reduces the distance. Air transport has accelerated tourism in a big way, particularly international tourism.

5. Explain the historical background of ‘Hindustani music’. 2

Ans: Hindustani music is a blend of Indo-Turko-Persian styles. During the Sultanate period, assimilation of different musical traditions had already begun to take place. In the thirteenth century, we do come across the persons of performing arts. It is on record that around Kilokhari (South Delhi) there was a colony of musicians, pretty-faced entertainers, jesters, and bhands.

6. How are Dargahs attraction places for religious tourists? Explain. 2

Ans: A Dargah is a Sufi shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish. Muslims may visit a shrine as a form of pilgrimage known as ziyarat. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah or hospices.

7. Why is tourism called a smokeless industry with a unique quality of earning foreign exchange? Explain.

Ans: Tourism is a smokeless industry with a unique quality of earning foreign exchange. It continues to play an important role, as earning foreign exchange helps to maintain the balance of trade. When a tourist spends some money to get tourist services and facilities, it is called a tourist receipt. Before embarking on

their destination, they exchange local currency into the US dollar, Euro, UK sterling pound, Japanese yen, Australian or Singapore dollar, etc. After arriving in the destination country, they exchange the doller etc., for the local currency.

8. Explain the role of ‘Reconciling demand and supply’ in the process of human resource planning.

Ans:

Human resource planning brings together the forecast of future manpower demand and supply.
Once the demand and supply of human resources are estimated, it reconciles the two.
The reconciliation would provide details either of a manpower surplus (projected overstaffing) or a manpower deficit (staffing shortage).
The result of this effort is to identify shortages in the number and type of human resources and to highlight areas where overstaffing may exist.
It provides the basis for planning action for dealing with manpower surplus and deficit.

9. “Employee compensation is an extremely important issue for every manager”. Support the statement.

Ans: A properly planned and administered salary system is one of the most important aspects of modern management.

It is the responsibility of every organisation to pay fair remuneration to the workers at all levels, proportionate to their role and performance in the assigned duties.
A well-developed salary system would enable your organisation to attract, retain, and motivate people of the required calibre and qualifications, and also control payroll costs.
It is also important for the maintenance of morale and discipline, preservation of contentment, and initiative among the human resources.

10. Mention any four qualities of flute (Bansuri).

Ans:

A flute is a wind instrument that produces sound from the flow of air across an opening.
To be louder, a flute must use a larger resonator, a larger air stream, or increased air stream velocity.
The volume of the flute can generally be increased by making its resonator and tone holes larger.
There are different types of flutes played on different occasions.

11. Describe the importance of ‘Amarnath’ and ‘Kamakhya’, the famous Hindu Shrines for pilgrims. 2+2=4

Ans:

Amarnath

The Amarnath cave is a famous Hindu shrine located in Jammu and Kashmir.
It is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
The shrine forms an important part of Hinduism and is considered to be one of the holiest shrines of the Hindus.
The cave is surrounded by snowy mountains.
The cave itself is covered with snow most of the time of the year, except for a short period in summer when it is open for pilgrims.
An annual pilgrimage is made to the Amarnath cave by lakhs of Hindu devotees on challenging mountainous terrain to see an ice stalagmite (Shivling) formed inside the cave.

Kamakhya

Kamakhya is an important goddess who evolved in the Himalayan hills.
She is closely identified with Kali and Maha Tripura Sundari.
Her name means “renowned goddess of desire.”.
She resides at the presently rebuilt Kamakhya Temple and is worshipped in the form of a stone yoni (female generative organ) symbolic of the goddess.
The temple is primary amongst the 51 Shakti Peethas related to the myth of Sati.
It is one of the most important Shakti temples and a Hindu pilgrimage site in the world.

12. Describe the main features each of ‘Corbett’ and ‘Kanha’ national parks 2+2=4

Ans:

Corbett
- Corbett National Park is located in the foothills of the Himalayas in Uttarakhand.
- Rare flora and fauna make it the wildlife hub of India.
- Corbett Park gives endless possibilities of interacting with the wild animals, so tourists come and connect with these magnificent creatures and discover a unique bond they share with nature.
Kanha
- One of India’s best tiger reserves, the Kanha National Park is in the valleys of Banjar and Halon in Madhya Pradesh.
- Wildlife lovers from all corners of the world flock to Kanha to catch a glimpse of its tigers, spotted deer and wolves.

13. Explain any two features each of Gidda’ and ‘Lavani’ folk dances. 2+2=4

Ans:

Gidda
- A very popular and energetic folk dance of the Punjab, filled with colour and feminine grace.
- The dance is performed by women only.
- In Gidda, no musical instrument is used except the dhol to provide some rhythm to the dance.
- The dance is performed in a circle with women singing and clapping.
Lavani
- Lavani comes from the word Lavanya, which means beauty.
- This is one of the most popular forms of dance and music that is practised all over Maharashtra.
- Traditionally, the songs are sung by female artistes, but male artists may also occasionally sing Lavanis.

14. Mention any two national festivals of India. How do they attract tourists? Explain. 1+3=4

Ans:

Republic Day: Commemorating the day India became a Republic, in 1950 on 26 January every year, is witness to colourful celebrations with soldiers marching in unison, followed by folk dancers, school children, and floats from different states. The beating retreat that marks the end of celebrations on 29 January is a moving ceremony with military bands playing at Vijay Chowk in Delhi.
Gandhi Jayanti: The birth anniversary of Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, who was born on 2nd October in the year 1869.

Celebrations of National festivals exhibit the political and Socio-cultural scenario of the country, and these are alluring Tourist attractions.

15. Explain any four steps included in the process of communication. 4×1=4

Ans:

Sender: The person who desires to convey the message is known as the sender.
Message: It is a subject matter of any communication. It may involve any fact, idea, opinion, or information. It must exist in the mind of the sender if communication is to take place.
Encoding: The communicator of the information organises his idea into a series of symbols which he feels will communicate the message to the intended receiver or receivers.
Communication Channel: The communication channel is the medium through which the message passes. It is the link that connects the sender and the receiver.

16. Explain with examples any four positive socio-cultural impact of tourism particularly at the destination places.

Ans:

Tourism supports the development of community facilities and services. These facilities and services are also used by local people, thus leading to better living conditions.
Tourism creates awareness about the importance and value of natural, cultural, archaeological or historical sites. It stimulates a feeling of pride in local and national heritage. This leads to their consciousness.
Tourists are interested in buying many arts and crafts of a particular area/nation as a souvenir to take back with them. Monetary gain to the residents through the sale of souvenirs helps keep these arts and crafts alive forever.
Festivals organised in certain parts of the year are very enthusiastically observed by tourists. It encourages people to keep the local culture alive, even if the local youth are well educated and have a broader outlook and understanding.

17. Mention any six steps systematically to calculate time with reference to ‘Greenwich Mean Time’.

Ans: The following steps should be followed:

Determine the longitude of both places between which you are trying to find out the time.
Calculate the difference between the longitudes in degrees.
If both the places are in the same hemisphere (east or west), the difference is found by subtracting the smaller value from the bigger one.
If both the places lie in different hemispheres, the figures are to be added to get the difference.
After getting the difference, multiply the value by four, because the Earth takes four minutes to rotate one degree of longitude.
The value thus arrived would be in minutes.
Divide this value by 60 to convert into hours, because one hour is equal to 60 minutes.
The time difference between those two places would be the difference.
If the time of reference is to be taken from west to east, then that much time should be added to get the time of the eastern place, because eastern time is forward in comparison to western time.
If the time of reference is from east to west, then that much time would have to be deducted to get the time in the western place, because western time is behind eastern time.

18. Explain any six negative environmental impacts of tourism particularly at the destination places.

Ans:

The land use is altered significantly to construct houses, hotels, and restaurants to meet the demand for tourists and other people visiting the area.
A large forest cover is removed. Agricultural land is replaced by buildings, roads and garbage disposal, etc.
Construction of roads on the slope in a mountainous region leads to many problems, such as soil erosion, which creates ecological imbalances. Removal of plants and vegetation cover creates exponential ill-effects on the environment.
Deterioration and disturbance of the natural ecology in such areas are a common affair. There is also a great loss of biodiversity due to intense tourism.
Landslide is widespread in such areas because of human interventions. A huge number of tourists arriving at any site is generating great pressure on the natural resources of the destination area. Those resources are getting depleted gradually.
Due to growing tourism activities, pollution of beaches, lakes, rivers, and underground water is reaching an alarming level.

19. Explain the main features of medieval period’s architecture. 6

Ans:

The engineering features of these buildings were the domes, arches and minarets.
The palaces, mosques and tombs built by the rulers had features which were blended with the features of the indigenous architecture and a new synthesis in architecture was achieved.
Decorative elements were used to make the building outstanding in the beauty of Alai Dawaja.
Qutub Minar, the tapering tower, has five stories with beautiful engravings of calligraphy both in the mosque and on the tower.
During the Afghan rule, the tombs of Ibrahim Lodi at Delhi and Shershah’s tomb at Sasaram were built that shows how indigenous styles
Those buildings of this period are strong, sturdy and practical.

20. Explain the patterns of foreign tourists arrival in India. 6

Ans: Foreign tourist arrivals in India are continuously increasing.

The share of India in international tourist arrivals was only 0.40% in 1997.
It increased to 0.64% in 2011.
In 2011, a total of 6.31 million foreign tourists visited various tourist places in India.
The ranking of India in world tourism improved from 54th in 2002 to 38th position in 2011.
Further, in 2015, it improved to rank 24.

Now in 2014, the scenario of the top ten countries has changed from 2011. It is 14.57%, followed by Bangladesh 12.27%, the United Kingdom (UK) 10.92%, Sri Lanka 3.93%, the Russian Federation 3.51%, Canada and Malaysia 3.50 and 3.41%, France, Australia, and Germany 3.20%, 3.12%, and 3.11% respectively. The category of other countries comprised 38.44%.

India is a less expensive country. Therefore, the foreign tourists spend a longer duration of time in India. It is good for us that foreign tourists stay here for a little more than one month. It means India is the most favoured destination for foreign tourists.

21. “Tourism is a service industry and no tourist activity is possible without the involvement of human”. Support the statement.

Ans: The tourism industry is a combination of different sectors, and each sector has its own specialised requirements in terms of human resources. Even within one sector, there are specialisations and sub-specialisations. For example, in a hotel, different jobs need different types of trained manpower.

Every segment in tourism needs special attention for training, which requires proper planning and development of human resources.
Tourism is intermingled with human resources.
Tourism is not about visiting a destination only, but the services provided by the people, such as escorts, guides, travel agents, hoteliers, entertainers, etc., to a tourist at any destination.
Here, the customer is not only buying a service or a product but also experiencing and availing the quality of service, which is reflected in the performance of the people involved in the production and delivery of the service.
In such service operations, the emphasis is on courtesy and efficiency and timely delivery of service, and it is assumed that the service in tourism is all smiles and effective communication, coupled with knowledge and information.

22. “India is well known for its different forms of classical dances”. Support the statement with suitable examples.

Ans: Most of the classical dance styles of India were developed in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. In India, eight major Indian classical dance forms are very popular and attended by a large number of people. These are Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniattam, Odissi and Sattriya.

Bharatanatyam: This classical dance form originated in the Tamil Nadu state of India during the late 18th and early 19th century. Bharatanatyam is a widely appreciated dance form, and it demands unconditional and undivided dedication to becoming a good Bharatanatyam dancer.
Kathak: This classical dance form was initially performed as a temple ritual in north India, but later became royal court entertainment under the Mughal and Persian influence.
Kathakali: This is a unique form of dance drama from Kerala, which is performed on stories from the Hindu epics like the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the Puranas in the temples.
Kuchipudi: This dance originated from Andhra Pradesh. It was initially performed in the temples by the Brahmin men, known as Bhagavathalu. It is a form of dance-drama, enacted at night in the open air on an improvised stage. The dancers wear colourful costumes, make-up, and heavy jewellery and ornaments.
Manipuri: Manipuri dance is a classical dance form of Manipur. It is a very ancient form of Indian classical dance, and the earliest records of this dance date back to about 100 AD. As compared to other Indian classical dances, Manipuri dance movements are slow and graceful.
Mohiniattam: This dance form belongs to Kerala. Mohiniattam means Mohini’s Dance (according to Indian mythology, Mohini was an incarnation of Lord Vishnu in the form of a beautiful woman with the intention to slay the demon Bhasmasur).
Odissi dance style originates from Odisha. It is considered to be one of the oldest surviving dance forms in the world. In ancient times, it was performed in the temples of Odisha. The dance is based on the Sanskrit play Geet Govinda, which shows love and devotion to Lord Krishna.
Sattriya: It is the classical dance form of Assam. Sattriya dance tradition is governed by strictly laid down principles in respect of hastamudras, footwork, aharyas and music, etc. The costumes of the dancers are made of Assam Pat Silk and traditional Assamese jewellery. It is accompanied by musical compositions called borgets based on classical ragas.

23. “Different parts of the world have different types of attractions for the tourists”. Support the statement with suitable examples. 6×1=6

Ans: The developed and developing worlds are providing greater opportunities to tourists in comparison to the underdeveloped world. In the beginning, tourism was mainly confined to the developed world, but now the trend has changed, and more and more tourism activities are taking place in the developing world. The major attractions can be grouped into cultural, natural, events, recreations and

entertainment.

Cultural Attractions: Various cultural regions are very much in demand among tourists. These include historical sites, archaeological sites, different architectural constructions of old buildings, and monuments of historical importance.
Natural Attractions: Naturally beautiful places are a weakness for tourists. They love to visit those places.
Attractions due to Events: Several specific events are organised all over the world. Interested persons try to visit those events to get acquainted with or to get business from various corners of the world.
Recreational Attractions: Many recreational attractions are available that magnetise the tourists.
Other Recreational Events: Travel and tourism are also promoted by providing various types of entertainment facilities. Some tourist centres of repute have amusement parks, casinos, and shopping facilities.

SECTION – B

OPTION – I (Travel and Tour Operation Business)

24. Mention any four features of “Wholesale Travel Agency”.

Ans: A wholesale travel agency assembles various components of services to form packages and sell their products to tourists.

It may also directly sell to the customers through its own retail outlets.
It buys service components in bulk from different suppliers, designs, packages, and sells or resells these components.
Wholesale travel agency specialises in designing and selling package tours.
It generates revenues through volume discounts from principal service providers such as hotels, airlines, railways, car rentals, ground handlers, etc.

25. Describe any two important points in designing a package tour.

Ans:

Accommodation is an important element of a package tour, and it shares a good amount of the total cost of the package. Accommodation can be of a primary and supplementary nature. Primary service providers are the category star hotels, resorts, business hotels, and international hotels.
Transportation: Travelling is part of any tour. Transportation thus becomes yet another focal component of a package tour. The journey of a tourist from origin (place of residence) to destination (host country or place of visit) involves tourists’ movement, and it requires a suitable means of transport.

26. Explain any four steps to follow in the formation of tour packages.

Ans: Below is a detailed sequence of steps followed in the formulation of tour packages:

Market research: Marketing research involves the study of the economy of the country to be visited, foreign exchange rate, demand for the product, consumer profile, competitors in the market, studying the product components like sightseeing, transport, baggage allowance, ground service, etc., sales status, channels of distribution, and promotional measures.
Prepare an itinerary: A well-planned itinerary holds the key to the success of a package tour. It needs to incorporate exciting places of interest and enough scope for events and activities.
Identification: Identify and decide on the mode of travel, hotels, destinations, dates, capacity, and others.
Contracts: Sign contracts with principal service providers. Agreements with various service providers well in advance are important. Contracts for the timely delivery of services by hotels, transportation, entry permits, ground handler etc. have to be signed.

27. Explain with suitable examples some of the benefits of tour programming for both tourist as well as operators.

Ans: Mentioned below are some of the benefits of tour programming for both tourists and operators:

Brings in professionalism into tour operations.
Adds value to products, resulting in value for money for the customers.
Opens opportunities for several service providers on the ground.
Boosts the industry with business opportunities for tour operators.
Helps in creating new segments and also catering required services to them.
Gives added advantage in marketing packages.
Meets a variety of the demands of tourists.

OPTION – II (Hospitality Management)

24. Classify hotels on the basis of their size.

Ans:

Small –Those hotels which have fewer than 25 rooms.
Medium – Those hotels which have between 25 and 99 rooms.
Large – Those hotels which have between 100 and 299 rooms.
Very Large – Those hotels which have more than 300 rooms.

25. Mention any four characteristics of Rajasthani food. 4 X 1 2 =2

Ans:

Rajasthani food is characterised by the use of Jowar, Bajra, legumes and lentils.
Its distinct aroma and flavour are achieved by the blending of spices including curry leaves, tamarind, coriander, ginger, garlic, chilli, pepper, cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, cumin and rosewater.
Gram flour is a major ingredient in the preparation of some of the delicacies, such as “pakodi” and “gatte ki sabzi”.
Powdered lentils are liberally used in the preparation of papad, mangodi, etc.

26. Explain any four rules framed by hotel management for incoming calls.

Ans:

I. All incoming calls should be answered within 3 rings or according to the standard procedure of the particular hotel where you are working.
II. Business calls should always be answered with a phrase like, “Greeting according to the time of the day, ABC Hotel, May I help you?”
III. Never put a caller on hold, but if you have to, be sure to check back with them every minute or so and ask if they would like to continue to hold. To let them know that they have not been forgotten, and that you are attending to their call.
IV. Speak clearly, slowly and with confidence so that the person on the other end has the feeling that you know what you are doing.
V. Never be rude to a caller, no matter how rude they are. Always remember to handle yourself in a professional manner. This includes handling the situation in a calm and cool manner.

27. Analyze the role of finance and accounts department in tourism industry. 4

Ans:

The Finance and Accounting departments play a significant role by providing the financial data used by all managers in their daily decision-making, ensuring that hotels are financially sound and thriving.
It basically tracks all revenues and expenditures.
This department works closely with the General Manager and Department heads to assist with recommendations for desirable economic options, forecasting and prepare monthly and annual reports.
The staff who work in Finance and Accounting require excellent analytical skills, mathematical aptitude, strong leadership and strategic thinking.

– o 0 o –