Tourism

NIOS Tourism Class 12 Paper Solved Oct 2021

NIOS Tourism Class 12 Paper 2021 October

SECTION – A

1. Mention any four types of events related to recreational tourists attractions. 1⁄2×4=2

Ans: Golf, swimming, hiking, and car racing.

2. Classify the impact of tourism into four groups. 1⁄2×4=2

Ans: The impact of tourism could be classified as:

Economic impacts
Socio-cultural impacts
Political impacts
Environmental impacts

3. Highlight any two features each of Pushkar and Tirupati Balaji Temple. 1+1=2

Ans:

Pushkar- Pushkar Mela has the only temple dedicated to Lord Brahma.
Tirupati Balaji Temple- Located in a small district called Chittoor in southern Andhra Pradesh. This temple is believed to be the richest in India because of the offerings made by devotees.

4. Explain the main features of one of the most important religious monuments of ‘HazratBal’.

Ans: It’s situated on the banks of the Dal Lake in Srinagar, which enhances its beauty. It is the only bulbous domed mosque in Kashmir. For Muslims, it is significant because it contains the Prophet Mohammed’s sacred hair. The shrine is known by several names, including Hazratbal, Asar-e Sharif, Madinat-Us Sani, and Dargah Sharif. It is a very big tourist site in Kashmir.

5. Explain any two types of interpersonal managerial roles. 1+1=2

Ans:

Figure head Role: Manager performs a role as symbolic head, and accordingly, he is obliged to perform several routine duties of legal or social nature. The typical activities include greeting visitors, signing legal documents, etc.
Leader Role: As a leader of the department, the manager gives direction to his subordinates to fulfil the assigned goals and objectives. He is responsible for their motivation and activation, staffing and training, goal setting, guidance, reviewing the progress of work, etc.

6. Differentiate between macro-environment and micro-environment with reference to tourism marketing.

Ans:

Macro environment refers to all those external factors or forces which affect the business and are beyond the control of a business organisation. These factors are political, economic, demographic, technological and socio-cultural environment. All these factors have a significant impact on the functioning of a business organisation.
Micro environment refers to all those factors which directly affect the ability of a business unit to serve its customers. In other words micro environment is the immediate environment of a firm, which includes suppliers, consumers, competitors, and intermediaries.

7. Explain with examples any two rock-cut temples that attracted the patrons of art and builders.

Ans: The chaitya at Karle, with fine, high halls and a polished decorative wall, is a remarkable example of rock-cut architecture. The Kailash temple at Ellora, built by the Rashtrakutas, and the ratha temples of Mahabalipuram, built by the Pallavas, are other examples of rock-cut temples. Most probably, the stability and permanence of rocks attracted the patrons of art and builders who decorated these temples with beautiful sculptures.

8. How is high income associated with tourism? Explain with example. 2

Ans: People with high income generally travel more than the lower class, because they have high purchasing power. They can spend a lot of money on travel and tourism activities.

9. How is technology helpful in the development of tourism? Explain with example. 2

Ans: The hospitality industry, like many others, is affected by technological changes. As new technologies are made available, companies within the industry are forced to adapt to the changes or get left by the wayside. For example, changes in computer hardware and software options may make it necessary for a large national hotel chain to replace its entire computer infrastructure on a periodic basis.

10. Describe the importance of any two educational tourism centres of the past. 2×2=4

Ans:

Nalanda: Hieun Tsang, a Chinese who came to study Buddhism, stayed at Nalanda in the 7th century AD and wrote a detailed description of the excellent educational system and purity of monastic life practised at Nalanda. He also gave a vivid account of both the ambience and architecture of this unique university of ancient times, as the first residential international university of the world.
Taxila: Buddhist monuments were erected throughout the Taxila valley, which was transformed into a religious heartland and a destination for pilgrims from as far a region as Central Asia and China.

11. Name any two Indian classical music instruments. Write any two features of each.

Ans:

Tabla
- It is an extremely popular Indian percussion instrument which is used in Hindustani Classical Music, along with popular and devotional music, as well as musical mehfils.
- Ustad Zakir Hussain, the most famous tabla player of India, was awarded the Grammy Award for the best music album in 1992.
Veena
- It is the most popular musical instrument of South India, popularly known as the Saraswati Veena.
- It is a plucked string instrument that is designed and used to accompany Carnatic music.

12. How does geography play a very important role in travel and tourism? Explain any four ways.

Ans: It helps us:

to locate a specific area on the globe/map
to find out the geographical time-lag between source and destination,
to set the time of the clock in a global perspective,
to illustrate factual data through maps and charts,
to understand different types of maps,
to read maps with comprehension,
to understand different types of charts,
to study other useful maps and charts about tourists.

13. Explain two features each of any two types of puppetry. 2×2=4

Ans:

String Puppet- This form of Puppet is used to provide flexibility to puppets. They have jointed limbs controlled by strings. This form of Puppet theatre is more prevalent in Rajasthan, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Rod Puppet – This puppet form is controlled by the rods from below. It is like a glove puppet, but is much larger in size. This form of puppetry is found in West Bengal and Odisha.

14. Explain the significance of Jains heritage sites of Girnar and Dilwara Temples. 2+2=4

Ans:

Girnar is celebrated as the place where the Tirthankara Neminatha achieved moksha. One famous temple at the top of Mount Girnar is over a thousand years old. An inscription found there records that it was repaired in 1278 A.D. The temple is in a rectangular courtyard surrounded by some seventy Tirthankara images. This is the largest temple, but there are many others, including one founded by Vastupala in 1231 A.D. and dedicated to the nineteenth Tirthankara, Mallinatha.
Dilwara Temples on Mount Abu, Rajasthan has two temple complexes. The masons scraped away the marble rather than chiselling it. Each temple complex stands in a rectangular walled area decorated with statues in niches around the circumference. Not only the temples but also the splendid panoramic view from 4000 feet above sea level make this site a remarkable showpiece as well as a place of Jain heritage site of deep religious significance, attracting innumerable tourists to Mount Abu.

15. “Transport acts as an integral part of tourism connecting the tourists generating and destination areas”. Support the statement with examples.

Ans: The capacity of a transport system determines the pace of tourist flow. Besides an increase in the capacity of the transport system, the provision of comfort, reasonably high speeds with safety, discounts on the ticket and light refreshments are incentives. It enhances the tourism activities in such areas. Sometimes, good or bad experiences in transport services leave an imprint on the minds of tourists for the whole of their lives. Hence, it is clear that a tourist transport system is essential for the growth and development of tourism.

16. Explain with examples the significance of Darghas as tourists attractions. 4

Ans: A Dargah is a Sufi shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish. Muslims may visit a shrine as a form of pilgrimage known as ziyarat. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah or hospices.

Musical offerings to dervishes and sheikhs in the presence of the devout at these shrines, usually on the occasion of Urs, gave rise to musical genres like Qawwali and Kafi, wherein Sufi poetry is accompanied by music and sung as an offering to a murshid, a type of Sufi spiritual instructor.

This makes Darghas a natural choice as a tourist attraction, irrespective of religion and cultural differences.

17. Name the three parallel ranges of Himalaya. Which range has the largest number of hill stations? Describe the importance of this range as a tourist attraction.

Ans: The Himalayas can be divided into mainly three parallel ranges running from West to east:

a. Greater Himalaya or the Himadri
b. Lesser Himalaya or the Himachal
c. Outer Himalaya or the Siwalik

The Lesser Himalaya, or the Himachal, has the largest number of hill stations. This range runs almost parallel to the south of the Himadri. Its altitude varies from 1800 to 3000 meter and its width is 60 to 80 km. The Dhauladhar, the Pirpanjal, the Mahabharat Range and the Mussoorie Range are included in this section. It is a complex mosaic of forest covered by ranges and fertile valleys.

18. Describe any three advantages and any three disadvantages of oral communication. 3+3=6

Ans: Advantages

It provides immediate feedback.
It provides an opportunity for a dialogue.
It is fast and saves time.
It is economical as it involves less cost.
It is flexible.

Disadvantages

It is less reliable and can lead to misunderstanding if the message is not clear
It does not provide a record or reference.
It is not suitable for lengthy messages.
It can be influenced by the behaviour of both sender and receiver.
The chances of distortion are very high.

19. How has amalgamation of different cultures enriched Indian culture? Explain. 6

Ans: For centuries, people migrating to India, with their respective cultures and traditions and later mixing with the cultures and traditions of the Indians has given birth to a new heritage and culture. This amalgamation of cultures has slowly but gradually enriched the values and faiths of the Indians even further. As a result, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Jainism and Christianity have made India one of the largest secular countries of the World where Diwali, Christmas, Eid and Buddha Jayanti are celebrated with equal enthusiasm and exuberance.

20. “Indian music is a strong factor which attracts tourists”. Support the statement with two different music schools.

Ans: Like dances, Indian music is also a strong factor which attracts Tourists to any place or event. In fact, tourists visiting such places should be encouraged to be part of any event hosting music or dance events.

Hindustani music is mainly found in North India. Khayal and Dhrupad are its two main forms, but there are several other classical and semi-classical forms. There is a significant amount of Persian influence on Hindustani music in terms of the instruments, style of presentation, and ragas such as Hijaz Bhairav, Bhairavi, Bahar, and Yaman. Hindustani music has assimilated various folk tunes; for example, ragas such as Kafi and Jaijaiwanti are based on folk tunes. They form a very important part of any music festival that takes place anywhere in the country.
Carnatic music, from South India, tends to be more rhythmically intensive and structured than Hindustani music. Examples of this are the logical classification of ragas into melakarthas and the use of fixed compositions similar to Western classical music. Carnatic raga elaborations are generally much faster in tempo and shorter than their equivalents in Hindustani music. In addition, accompanists have a much larger role in Carnatic concerts than in Hindustani concerts.

21. Explain the pattern of foreign tourist arrivals in India. 6

Ans: Foreign tourist arrivals in India are continuously increasing.

The share of India in international tourist arrivals was only 0.40% in 1997.
It increased to 0.64% in 2011.
In 2011, a total of 6.31 million foreign tourists visited various tourist places in India.
The ranking of India in world tourism improved from 54th in 2002 to 38th position in 2011.
Further, in 2015, it improved to rank 24.

Now in 2014, the scenario of the top ten countries has changed from 2011. It is 14.57%, followed by Bangladesh 12.27%, the United Kingdom (UK) 10.92%, Sri Lanka 3.93%, the Russian Federation 3.51%, Canada and Malaysia 3.50 and 3.41%, France, Australia and Germany 3.20%, 3.12% and 3.11% respectively. The category of other countries comprised 38.44%.

India is a less expensive country. Therefore, the foreign tourists spend a longer duration of time in India. It is good for us that foreign tourists stay here for a little more than one month. It means India is the most favoured destination for foreign tourists.

22. “Training should not only be provided to maintain and improve current job performance but also for equipping the employees with skill required for future job requirements”. Support the statement.

Ans: Training is necessary for improving the work performance of employees in every type of organisation. The diversity of the tourism industry places additional responsibility on the planners and developers of tourism products and services in the area of human resource planning and development. In India, more attention is given to the development of tourism infrastructure than to the development of human resources.

We need trained manpower at all levels in all the diverse sectors of the tourism industry to handle the tourism infrastructure and serve the tourists.
It should be broad-based, taking into account all the diverse sectors and services, rather than hotels and ticketing only.
Particular emphasis should be on training the grassroots and supervisory level personnel, as they are the ones having direct contact with tourists.
Further, skilling and re-skilling are the key to success in the tourism sector, and all human resources should have updated knowledge.
A ticketing agent, for example, must know the recent fare structures and operating routes of airlines, without which he cannot man the ticketing counter.

23. “Accommodation is one of the fastest growing sectors of tourism industry.” Examine the statement with suitable examples.

Ans: Accommodation is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the tourism industry.

It plays a key role, and it is a very basic component in industry.
The demand for hotels exists almost throughout the year.
Accommodations for tourists are categorised on the basis of different methods, such as star rating, size, location, types of guests, alternative arrangements, etc.
The numbers are assigned on the basis of the facilities and services provided to the tourists/ guests.
A one-star hotel has the least facilities and services provided under the star category, while the Five star has the maximum.
Some seven-star hotels are emerging with the highest order of luxurious services.
These facilities are of the highest order in terms of quality and space.
Apart from the star ratings, some private budget hotels/guest houses are also providing accommodation facilities to the tourists under the economy category, such as dormitory-type and bed and breakfast.

SECTION – B

OPTION – I (Travel and Tour Operation Business)

24. Explain the meaning of ‘Itinerary’. 2

Ans: An itinerary is a plan of a journey showing the route and the places that the visitor will visit. Thus, it is a schedule or timetable produced in association with a package tour. It is basically designed to identify the route, day-by-day journey format, origin, destination, and all the en route halting points, period of halts along with accommodation, mode of travel, activities and other services offered during a visitor’s tour.

25. Explain the importance of package tours. 2

Ans:

Package tours are very economical and convenient for tourists as they help them locate tourist spots, hotel and modes of conveyance with ease and at the appropriate moment.
Package tours not only save time and money for tourists but also help suppliers to ensure the sale of their services, thus balancing the demand and supply in the travel market.
Tour operator, being a consolidator or wholesaler, assembles primary and miscellaneous services with its own price tag.
However, packages are designed for the independent and group tours after comprehensive research and analysis before they are launched in the market.

26. Describe ‘Designing package tours’ as an important function of travel agencies and tour operators.

Ans: Preparing itinerary, designing package tours and costing are equally important functions of a travel agency and tour operators. With the growing competition in the travel market, differentiation of their products is crucial to their sustenance and revenue generation. Expert teams and experienced travel managers from the research and development cells are involved in drawing itineraries, conducting familiarisation trips, and studying the feasibility of the itineraries. It is followed by package tour designing, costing and finally launching it in the market.

27. Examine the services of an ‘Online Travel Agency’. 4

Ans:

OTA or Online Travel Agency is a typical travel agency resembling an offline travel agency in all its services, but operates on the internet through a website connected to a global distribution system.
The OTAs apply the operational mechanisms of e-commerce and transact online with their customers.
OTAs offer information, bookings of hotels, cars, reservation of seats in airlines, railways, ships and buses, sell package tours, customise tours, take enquiries, etc.
Transactions of payment are also done online using online payment modes such as credit/debit cards, internet banking, etc.

OPTION – II (Hospitality Management)

24. Explain the role of ‘Human Resource Department’ of a hotel. 2

Ans: The human resource department plays a major role in helping plan the system and in developing job descriptions, job specification and performance standards and implementing them. Specialists in that department may be assigned to conduct job analysis and write job descriptions in cooperation with managers, supervisors and employees. The HR department is not involved in the actual writing of performance standards but plays a diagnostic, training and monitoring role.

25. Explain the significant role of Finance and Accounts Department of a hotel. 2

Ans: The Finance and Accounting departments play a significant role by providing the financial data used by all managers in their daily decision-making, ensuring financially sound and thriving hotels. It basically tracks all revenues and expenditures. This department works closely with the General Manager and

Department heads to assist with recommendations for desirable economic options, forecasting and prepare monthly and annual reports.

26. Describe any four characteristics of ‘Bengali food’. 1×4=4

Ans: Characteristics of Bengali Food

The main ingredients of traditional Bengali food include rice, masoor dal, moong dal, mustard oil, mustard paste, poppy seeds (posto), and coconut.
Since Bengal is the land of mangoes, different varieties are used in various forms, such as ripe, unripe, and pickled.
Hilsa fish is considered very special.
Five-spice mixture (panch phoran) is commonly used in making vegetables. Some of the popular dishes are:
- (a) Muri (puffed rice)
- (b) Jhal-muri (spicy puffed rice made with masalas)

27. Explain with examples the four different sources of reservation in a hotel. 1×4=4

Ans: Sources are the different people or organisations that make reservations, such as:

Individual Guests who independently make reservations with the hotel on their own.
Travel Agents include travel agencies that make reservations on behalf of guests who are travelling on tour packages.
Companies that have separate travel departments make their bookings when they travel for official work.
Hotel Sales & Marketing Executives include staff of the hotel that approaches various business Houses. They try to sell the services offered by the hotel.

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