Tourism

NIOS Tourism Class 12 PYQ April 2022

NIOS Tourism 337 Question Paper April 2022

Section – A

1. Mention any two main heritage sites of India.

Ans: Taj Mahal, Konark Sun Temple

2. Write any two features of ‘Victoria Memorial Hall’.

Ans:

Victoria Memorial Hall (Fig. 8.13) in Kolkata is a fabulous museum that was established in the year 1921.
It is a fantastic place that takes visitors into the world of history.
Today, the Victoria Memorial is one of the finest art museums in Kolkata.
It is a 184 ft tall edifice that was constructed on 64 acres of land.

3. What is the meaning of Takhts?

Ans: The worship places of Sikhs are known as the Takhts, which literally means ‘the seat of the divine power,’ and Gurudwara stands for ‘the doorway to the master’ in India. There are several Gurudwaras, but only five Takhts.

4. What are the cultural attractions for tourists?

Ans: Fairs and festivals are events or happenings through which we can see a very large part of our culture. We can list two major types of festivals in our country. Those that are related to the important events in a country and are called national festivals, others are related to religion and also to the region. In both events, we can add other cultural components which lend colour and gaiety to those events.

5. What are the main objectives of human resource planning?

Ans: The main objectives of human resource planning are to:

Ensure the optimum utilisation of the available human resources;
Determine the human resource requirements.
Provide necessary control measures to ensure that the necessary human resources are available at the right time.
Forecast future skill requirements to serve as a basis for training and
Development programmes.

6. Classify the art of dance in two categories.

Ans: We can divide the art of dance into two categories.

(1) Classical dances

(2) Folk dances

7. Explain ‘secular outlook’ of Indian culture.

Ans: There is a great variety of thoughts and habits in our country. Among such a variety, the dominance of one particular thought is not possible. The Constitution declares India to be a secular country.

Everyone is free to profess, practice and propagate any religion of their own choice.
The state has no religion of its own, and all religions are treated equally by the state.
No one is to be discriminated against based on religion.
The people have, to a large extent, developed a broad outlook and they believe in the concept of live and others live.

8. Explain any two features communication.

Ans: Features of Communication

It is a process which involves at least two persons: one who wants to send a message and the other who receives the message.
The process of communication is incomplete unless the receiver understands the message sent to him or her and gives feedback.
The purpose of communication is to create understanding in the mind of the receiver.
Communication is a continuous process.

9. How is ‘Tourist Map very important for the tourists? Explain with example. 2

Ans: A tourist map is definitely very important for tourists as it is related to their requirements and needs. This type of map is prepared keeping in mind the destinations of tourist interest. This map also depicts other features like the location of places with reference to rivers, lakes, oceans, mountains, hills, forests, etc. The tourist maps are prepared from the national to local level, such as maps of India, Delhi, Agra or Mumbai. The tourist information centre of any state provides a tourist map in detail.

10. Describe any four steps involved in the selection process.

Ans:

Application form: Submitting the formal application form that provides information with respect to the applicant’s comprehensive personal and history profile, education, experience, references, etc. Different types of forms may be used for different types of employees.
Testing: Employment testing is frequently used to help identify the candidates with the greatest potential for success on the job through paper-and-pencil responses or tests. Tests seek to eliminate the possibility of prejudice on the part of the interviewer and uncover qualifications and talents that would not be detected by the interviewer.
Interview: The employment interview serves the purpose of obtaining information, giving information, and motivation. It provides an appraisal of personality, background, training, education and interests of the prospective employee.
Checking References: The provided references, like the previous employers, colleagues, teachers, and professional associations, are approached by mail, telephone or post and requested to furnish their frank opinion about the candidate either on specified points or in general.

11. Explain role and functions of the Ministry of Tourism.

Ans: The Ministry of Tourism makes various national policies for the development and promotion of tourism in India. National policies for the development and promotion of tourism in India are designed by the Union Ministry of Tourism in consultation and collaboration with other Central Ministries, State Governments, Union Territories and representatives of the private sector. Special efforts are being made to explore new forms of tourism and promote the existing tourism, along with the latest trends such as staying on a houseboat, staying in villages for a feel of the countryside location. The other trends are cruise, medical, business, sports and eco-tourism, etc.

12 Distinguish between ‘Natural Heritage’ and ‘Cultural Heritage’ with examples. 4

Ans:

Natural heritage includes culturally significant landscapes and biodiversity. Natural heritage presents a kaleidoscope of geographical and environmental features, which include natural features such as high, lofty mountains and hills, mighty rivers, small rivers, rivulets and streams, dense forest, desert and a long coastline.
Cultural heritage includes tangible culture such as buildings, monuments, landscape books, works of art, and artefacts. Intangible culture also forms an important part of culture, such as folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge. It has evolved through the creation, imagination, intelligence, skills, and artistic abilities of the people over a long period of time.

13 “One can control and overcome desire.” Support the statement with reference to Buddhism.

Ans: Buddha taught that the cause of all human suffering is desire. It is important to control and overcome desire.

This could be achieved by following the Eightfold Path, which means Right Conduct, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Means of Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Meditation, Right Resolution and Right View. Buddha also preached in the language of the common people, i.e., Pali and Prakrit and laid stress on a life of virtues and morals.

14. “India remained as a good attraction for international tourists.” Support the statement.

Ans: India remained a good attraction for international tourists as it provides cheap accommodations with the best tourist facilities. The total number of foreign tourist arrivals in India was merely 16829 in 1951. It increased to 1.14 million in 1981 and 6.30 million in 2011. So, a total of 6.13 million foreign tourists have increased during the last 60 years. A continuously positive increase of foreign tourist arrivals was recorded in the Indian tourism industry during 1951- 2011.

15. Explain four methods on the job training.

Ans:

1. Training on the Job: The most widely used methods of training take place on the job. Such training places the employees in an actual work situation. It is a method of learning by doing during regular working hours.
2. Apprenticeship: People seeking to enter skilled trades often require undergoing apprenticeship training before they are accepted. Such apprenticeship programmes put the trainee under the guidance of a master worker for training in crafts, trades and technical areas.
3. Demonstration and Examples: Here, the trainer describes and demonstrates how to do certain work by performing the job himself, going through a step-by-step explanation of the why, how and what of the work he is doing.
4. Job Rotation: This method involves the employees being sent through different jobs, thereby providing them with a wider exposure to the workings of the organisation. It teaches the worker new skills by rotating from one job to another.

16. “Human resources are an inseparable constituent of tourism services with a lot of diversity”. Examine the statement.

Ans: Human resources are an inseparable constituent of tourism services with a lot of diversity.

The tourism industry is a combination of different sectors, and each sector has its own specialised requirements in terms of human resources.
Even within one sector, there are specialisations and sub-specialisations. For example, in a hotel, different jobs need different types of trained manpower.
Every segment in tourism needs special attention for training, which requires proper planning and development of human resources.
Tourism is intermingled with human resources.
Tourism is a service industry, and no tourist activity is possible without the involvement of humans.
Tourism is not about visiting a destination only, but the services provided by the people, such as escorts, guides, travel agents, hoteliers, entertainers, etc., to a tourist at any destination. Here,

17. Describe negative political impacts of tourism.

Ans:

Political instability and conflict in the destination area/country prove to be a hindrance. Sometimes, the governments of the tourist origin countries give a warning or issue an advisory to their citizens not to visit such countries where political instability or conflict prevails.
When the tourists are already visiting the country, where some political instability occurs, a warning is issued to the citizens to leave the country at the earliest.
The unstable government is not able to maintain a law and order situation for the citizens of the country. They may not be able to take proper care of the foreign tourists. Hence, it becomes a deterrent to tourism.
The government is the only authority to formulate a policy of any concern. All the policy matters concerning tourism are taken care of by the government, which in turn affects the outcome of the policy.
A policy adopted in favour of tourism and infrastructure development leads to the growth of tourism, and in inverse conditions, the result is contrary.
Terrorism or naxal activities, or communal conflicts in any part of a country or globe reduces the chance to develop tourism. In the Kashmir valley, the general unrest reduced tourism significantly.

18. How does geography play a very significant role in travel and tourism? Explain.

Ans: Geography interprets the surface of the earth in terms of every phenomenon existing at a particular point in time as well as in chronological perspective. It portrays the surface through maps, diagrams, photograph and charts in visual form in addition to the written descriptions.

Geography plays a very significant role in travel and tourism. Some of the ways are as follows:

It helps us:

to locate a specific area on the globe/map
to find out the geographical time lag between source and destination,
to set the time of the clock from a global perspective,
to illustrate factual data through maps and charts,
to understand different types of maps,
to read maps with comprehension,
to understand different types of charts,
to study other useful maps and charts about tourists.

19 Explain the main features of Islamic Culture.

Ans: Islam is a monotheistic religion established by Hazrat Mohammad in Mecca in 570 CE. The literal meaning of Islam is ‘Peace and Submission’.

Muslims pray five times each day, always facing toward Mecca. A muezzin or person calls the people to pray in the mosque. An imam leads the people in prayer.
During the holy month of Ramadan, adult Muslims must fast (go without food or drink) between sunrise and sunset.
Muslims are not supposed to take intoxicants, eat pork, or gamble.

20 Explain initiatives taken by the central and state governments for promoting tourism.

Ans: National policies for the development and promotion of tourism in India are designed by the Union Ministry of Tourism in consultation and collaboration with other Central Ministries, State Governments, Union Territories and representatives of the private sector. Special efforts are being made to explore new forms of tourism and promote the existing tourism, along with the latest trends such as staying on a houseboat, staying in villages for a feel of the countryside location. The other trends are cruise, medical, business, sports and eco-tourism, etc.

21. “Our cultural identities are based on the religion and regional factors.” Analyze the statement.

Ans: Our cultural identities are based on various factors such as religion and region. As a result, each Indian possesses multiple identities. Which of these identities asserts itself at a certain point in time and prevails over the others depends on the political, social or economic context in which people find themselves. Thus, each person may have some things in common with another, but may be vastly different in some other aspects. For example, except for belief, forms of worship and rituals, there may be little that is common among those who follow a particular faith from the point of view of the whole country. Even in the forms of worship and rituals, there are sectarian and regional differences.

22 Explain with examples the significance of Gurudwaras as Sikh pilgrimages.

Ans: Lakhs of people, particularly the Sikhs, visit the Gurudwaras to commemorate the Gurus. Among the most popular edifices, the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab, and the Bangla Sahib in Delhi are the two most prominent ones. It is called the Golden Temple owing to the gilded dome that adorns the crown of the Gurudwara. The Bangla Sahib Gurudwara in Delhi is also amongst the most impressive and fascinating edifices in India and is intricately linked with the history of Sikhism.

Gurudwara Paonta Sahib, dedicated to Guru Gobind Singh Ji, is located in Paonta Sahib City in Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh. This revered site draws devotees in huge flocks. The name ‘Paonta’, meaning ‘feet’, best justifies the importance of this place.
Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Sahib, one of the most revered Sikh shrines, stands as a homage to the ninth guru of the Sikhs, Guru Tegh Bahadur.

23 “Tourism is a smokeless industry with a unique quality of earning foreign exchange”. Support the statement with examples.

Ans: Tourism is a smokeless industry with a unique quality of earning foreign exchange. It continues to play an important role, as earning foreign exchange helps to maintain the balance of trade. When a tourist spends some money to get tourist services and facilities, it is called a tourist receipt. Before embarking on their destination, they exchange local currency into the US dollar, Euro, UK sterling pound, Japanese yen, Australian or Singapore dollar, etc. After arriving in the destination country, they exchange the doller etc., for the local currency.

SECTION – B

OPTION – I (Travel and Tour Operation Business)

24. Mention the four types of Tour operators.

Ans:

Inbound Tour Operators
Outbound Tour Operators
Domestic Tour Operator
Ground Handlers/Operators

25. “Travel agency is an organized service provider in the travel industry.” Support the statement.

Ans: It means a travel agent is responsible for organising travel. It provides a link to the suppliers of services with the tourists. It acts as a retail store for both suppliers and clients. It plays the role of an active connector for the delivery of end service. Thus, a travel agent can be considered to be a useful intermediary (retailer) as he has accumulated knowledge, expertise, and contacts with providers (wholesaler) of services.

26. Mention any four benefits of tour programming for both tourists as well as operators.

Ans: Mentioned below are some of the benefits of tour programming for both tourists and operators:

Brings in professionalism into tour operations.
Adds value to products, resulting in value for money for the customers.
Opens opportunities for several service providers on the ground.
Boosts the industry with business opportunities for tour operators.

27. Why is disaster preparedness considered inevitable function of travel agency and tour operations? Explain.

Ans: Safety and security of the visitors is the prime responsibility of the operators, and they should be prepared to handle all such disasters. A team of professional is trained these days to handle such incidents and avoid any harm to their clients to a great extent. They also coordinate with the local disaster management teams to face such challenges.

OPTION – II (Hospitality Management)

24 Define the term ‘Reservation’.

Ans: The term reservation can be defined as ‘An agreement between the guest and the hotel in which the guest rents the room from the hotel at a given time, for a fixed period of time.’ The reservation section is an important part of the front office department of a hotel.

25 Explain the role of reception.

Ans: Reception is responsible for receiving and welcoming the guests on their arrival. It completes the registration formalities and assigns rooms to the guests.

26. Define the term ‘Sanitation’. Describe the role of sanitation department.

Ans: Sanitation can be defined as “the study and use of practical measures for the preservation of public health”. Alternatively, it can also be defined as “the application of measures designed to protect public health.”

It includes overall cleanliness as well as treatment and proper disposal of waste. The housekeeping department of the hotel is responsible for the overall sanitation work.

27. Classify hotels on the basis of size with their specialities.

Ans: