NIOS Class 12 Tourism PYQ April 2021

NIOS Tourism 337 Question Paper Solved April 2021

SECTION – A

1. What are special or Thematic maps? [2]

Ans: Special or thematic maps give thematic information such as climate, vegetation, rainfall, temperature, distribution of crops, minerals, industries, roads, railways, air routes, wind direction and circulation, cyclones, etc. These maps can further be divided into sub-parts depending on the specific requirements of a person.

2. Mention any four stages of group development. [4 × 1⁄2 = 2]

Ans: Stages of group development are,

• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Perfoeming
• Adjourning

3. Write any four advantages of the policy of recruiting manpower from internal sources. [4 × 1⁄2 = 2]

Ans: The advantages of the policy of recruiting from internal sources are that it:

• boosts the morale of the employees
• encourages ambitious individuals
• fosters loyalty among the employees towards the organisation.
• improves the probability of good selection as information on the individual’s
• performance is available
• acts as a training device for developing middle and top-level managers
• is less expensive than external recruitment

4. How do various deviations (East or West) from International Date Line generally accommodate the affiliation of the affected areas? Explain. [2]

Ans: These deviations (East or West) generally accommodate the Political and/or Economic affiliations of the affected areas. 

• A tourist crossing the International Date Line eastbound reduces one day or 24 hours so that the calendar date to the west of the line is repeated. 
• A tourist crossing the IDL westbound adds 24 hours or one calendar day.

5. Explain the concept of ‘Universalism’. [2]

Ans: India has a universal outlook, and it has been promoting the message of peace and harmony to the entire world. 

• India has been raising a strong voice against racism and colonialism. 
• It has protested against the formation of power blocks in the world. 
• India became one of the founder members of the Non-Aligned Movement. 
• India is committed to the development of other underdeveloped nations. 
• In this manner, India has been discharging its responsibilities as a part of the world fraternity and has been contributing to the progress of the world.

6. Explain the main features of ‘The Golden Temple’ and Hemkund Sahib. [1 + 1 = 2]

Ans: 

• Golden Temple
  • The Golden Temple at Amritsar is the most sacred for the Sikhs. 
  • The town was founded by Guru Ram Das, the fourth Sikhsguru in 1577 on the land gifted by Akbar. 
  • The fifth Guru Arjun Dev completed the temple. 
  • When Maharaja Ranjit Singh covered the upper half of the temple first with copper and then with pure gold leaf, it came to be known as the Swarna Mandir.
• Hemkung Sahib
  • Hemkund Sahib is one of the most important Sikh shrines in the world. 
  • It is situated at an altitude of 15,200 feet above sea level.
  • It is accessible on foot from Gobind Ghat in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India. 
  • It is a major religious tourist site in Uttarakhand where people brave the high and lofty Himalayas to reach this highly inaccessible place.

7. Explain any two features of Khandala hill station. [2 × 1 = 2]

Ans: 

• Khandala is a hill station in the Western Ghats in the state of Maharashtra.
• It is on the road link between the Deccan Plateau and the Konkan plain.
• Lonavala is set amongst the slopes of the Sahyadri mountain range and has become famous because of nature’s gift of beautiful valleys, hills, milky waterfalls, lush greenery, and pleasant cool winds.

8. Explain any two major factors that determine the formation of personality. [2 × 1= 2]

Ans: 

• Heredity
  • The genetic components inherited from our parents at the time of conception determine the personality traits of an individual. 
  • The colour, height, physical stature, facial attractiveness, temperament, muscle composition, inheritable diseases, etc., are considered to be inherited from parents. 
• Environment
  • The culture in which people are brought up, and the type of socialisation process, such as a family’s child-rearing practices, socio-economic status of the family, number of children in a family, birth order, education of the parents, friends, religious practices, the type of schooling and recreational activities, etc play a critical role in shaping our personalities.

9. “Religious tourism has existed since antiquity”. Support the statement with example. [2]

Ans: In religious tourism, people travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage, missionary, or leisure purposes. 

• The world’s largest form of mass religious tourism takes place at the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. 
• In India, it is the Kumbha Mela at Allahabad which sees a massive gathering of devotees to take a dip in the holy waters of the Sangam of three rivers, the Ganga, Yamuna and the Saraswati.

10. Name the two extremely popular aerophonic musical instruments. Write their specialities also. [2 + 1 + 1 = 4]

Ans: Flute and Shenai

• Flute: A flute is a wind instrument that produces sound from the flow of air across an opening. To be louder, a flute must use a larger resonator, a larger air stream, or increased air stream velocity.
• Shenai: It is played in the North Indian marriages and processions. It is a tube-like instrument that gradually widens towards its lower end.

11. Explain the role of Indian Railways in tourism development. [4]

Ans: Indian Railways is running a few special trains to promote tourism in India, such as Toy Train, Palace on Wheels, Fairy Queen, Heritage on Wheels, Bharat Darshan train, Train of Darjeeling, Nilgiri Mountain Rail of South India and Kalka-Shimla Rail make their place in the World Heritage list of UNESCO.

• Palace on Wheels is a royal train which provides an all-inclusive package tour of seven days covering important tourist sites of Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra. Its coaches have luxury services. 
• Fairy Queen Train has the oldest steam locomotive engine. It departs from Delhi and stops at Alwar, where guests are taken to the Sariska tiger reserve forest for an overnight stay.
• Heritage on Wheels is a luxury train connecting small cities of Rajasthan, which include Bikaner, Gajner, Nawalgarh, Mandawa, Ramgarh and Shekhawati. 
• Bharat Darshan is a special tourist train which covers all the important tourist places in the country.

12. “The Christian preachers emphasise that the essence of man’s soul is love and the source of love is God.” Support the statement. [4]

Ans: 

• Travelling on foot and preaching to the people, Jesus taught that men should love God and one another. 
• Many people began to believe his teachings, but others misunderstood him. 
• His Apostles set out to spread his teachings. 
• The Christian spiritual leaders are called priests or ministers. 
• The Christians believe priests have a special relationship with God. 
• The Bible is the Christian holy book.

13. Explain the four main dimensions of training evaluation. [4 × 1 = 4]

Ans: The main dimensions of training evaluation are the following:

• 1. Evaluation of contextual factors: Training effectiveness depends not only on what happens during training, but also on what happens before the actual training and what happens after the training has formally ended.
• 2. Evaluation of training inputs: This involves the evaluation of the training curriculum and its sequencing. This assessment covers whether the trainee can do what was stated, if he or she would be able to do in the objectives of the learning unit, course or training programme as a whole. 
• 3. Evaluation of training process: The climate of the training organisation, the relationship between participants and trainers, the general attitudes and approaches of the trainers, training methods, etc., are some of the important elements of the training process which also need to be evaluated. 
• 4. Evaluation of training outcomes: This involves measuring the value of a training programme in terms of what has been achieved.

14. Explain with suitable examples any four components on which tourism occurs. [4 × 1 = 4]

Ans: 

• Space is a basic component on which tourism occurs, as it is a change of place from one area to another.
• Entrepreneurship: Since a large number of people wish to visit various places of tourist interest, the entrepreneur takes the responsibility of providing facilities to the visiting tourists. In turn, they earn revenue along with the other local people.
• Capital: Resource for Infrastructure Development: A huge amount of capital is needed to develop the infrastructure in any industry of a region. It is generally provided by the government under various policies.
• Workforce: The tourism industry flourishes when qualified manpower is available to cater to the needs of the tourists. The manpower may be grouped into skilled, semiskilled and unskilled. All are required to meet the needs of the tourists.
• Market for Tourism Industry: Tourists are the consumers of services provided to them as per their wishes. Tourism flourishes when there is infrastructure, accessibility, natural attractions, qualitative service providers, law and order are provided, and these are marketed well. 

15. Explain with examples the four types of heritages. [4 × 1 = 4]

Ans: 

• Tangible heritage is the built heritage which is visible or seen. It comprises physical objects, materials in concrete form, etc., such as coins, monuments, artefacts, sculptures, seals, and inscriptions.
• Intangible Heritage is living heritage, invisible, unseen, but observable. It includes a host of things ranging from ideas to traditions, living styles, practices, beliefs, customs, etc.
• Natural heritage includes natural features like mountains, forests, deserts, rivers, flora, fauna, large water bodies like seas and oceans, etc.
• Cultural Heritage is human-centric and evolved through creation, imagination, intelligence, skills, and artistic abilities of the people over a long period of time.

16. Why do tourists visit wildlife sanctuaries and National Parks? Explain with examples. [4]

Ans: 

• A wildlife sanctuary is an area specially planned where any human interference is banned. No one can hunt or shoot any of the animals in the area to keep the surroundings in their original state. 
• National parks are areas where native plants and animals and their habitats, places of natural beauty, historic heritage and Aboriginal cultural heritage are protected. 

Both wildlife sanctuaries and national parks have great importance in maintaining awareness about the natural habitat. The tourism activities are taken up in the wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. It gives an idea of their importance in our lives. Though the organisation of tours within the pristine environment causes some ill effects on the surroundings, they still create awareness about their importance.

17. Mention any three fine Gupta period rock – cut carvings of Bihar depict Buddha. Write the main features of each. [3 + 3 = 6]

Ans: 

• Nalanda: Nalanda, Bihar: Nalanda gained prominence as an important centre of Buddhist learning from the 4th to 12th C. AD. Nalanda is famous as the ancient seat of learning.
• Udayagiri in Ratnagiri is a Buddhist site not too far from Cuttack (Odisha) and dates from the 6th century AD. In the 8th C. it became an important centre of the Vajrayana school of Buddhist art and philosophy. At Sirpur and Chattisgarh, you can see ruins of an 8th C. Buddhist monastery.
• Bodh Gaya is one of the four most sacred pilgrimage places for Buddhists. Followers of Buddhism from all across the world consider it pious to visit Bodh Gaya.

18. Describe spatial distribution of travel and tourism in the world. [6]

Ans: The spatial distribution of tourism is the function of various environmental conditions. 

• Some of the important factors are natural landscape, beautiful natural sites, accessibility and moderate climatic conditions. 
• Man-made beautification and landscaping of the areas, dam construction and development of multipurpose projects, sculptured gardens, monuments, and famous sites are visited more by tourists. 
• The important religious festivals are attended by a large number of tourists. 
• The distribution of the most famous destinations is concentrated more in economically developed countries of Europe, around the Mediterranean Sea and the USA. 
• As time went by, the importance of other developing countries has increased as new tourist destinations. 
• The growing income of the people is the prime reason for widespread tourism activities in the world. 

19. Explain any three positive and any three negative political impacts on tourism, particularly at the destination places. [3 + 3 = 6]

Ans: 

• Positive Political Impacts
  • Political stability is of foremost concern to the tourists. Safety and security at any tourist destination attract a large number of tourists.
  • Law and order are the concern of the government. If it is well managed, it helps in the inflow of tourists.
  • Political stability and protection for tourists from the government machinery is a tonic for the promotion of tourism.
• Negative Political Impacts
  • When the tourists are already visiting the country, where some political instability occurs, a warning is issued to the citizens to leave the country at the earliest.
  • The unstable government is not able to maintain a law and order situation for the citizens of the country. They may not be able to take proper care of the foreign tourists. Hence, it becomes a deterrent to tourism.
  • A policy adopted in favour of tourism and infrastructure development leads to the growth of tourism, and in inverse conditions, the result is contrary.

20. “The British ruled India for 200 years and left behind a legacy of colonial-style architecture in their buildings. “Support the statement. [6]

Ans: The British, who ruled the country for 200 years, left behind a legacy of colonial-style architecture in their buildings.

• The British also built administrative and residential buildings, which reflect their imperial glory. 
• Some Greek and Roman influence can be observed in the colonnades or pillared buildings. The Parliament House and Connaught Place in Delhi are good examples. 
• Architect Lutyens designed Rashtrapati Bhavan, formerly the Viceroy’s residence. It is built of sandstone and has design features like canopies and jaali from Rajasthan. 
• The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, the former capital of British India, is a huge edifice in marble. 
• Writer’s Building in Kolkata, where generations of government officers worked in British times, is still the administrative centre of Bengal after independence. 
• The British also left behind impressive railway terminals like the Victoria Terminus in Mumbai. 

21. Explain any six factors that are responsible for promoting tourism in any area. [6 × 1 =6]

Ans: Some important factors responsible for the growth of tourism in any area are,

• (i) Geographical: Generally, tourists from hot plains go to hill stations in summer for a cooler and pleasant climate. Tourists from cold areas go to hot areas in the winter season. Location, climate, landscape and geographical diversity of a region attract tourists in large numbers. 
• (ii) Cultural Events: Some social activities like festivals, fairs, dances, meetings, local customs and rituals attract the tourists in large numbers. In West Bengal, Durga Pooja, Holi and Diwali in North India, Carnival in Goa, Dandiya in Gujarat, Desert Festival in Rajasthan, Surajkund Mela in Haryana, Onam in Kerala, etc. are important events which large a large number of tourists.
• (iii) Safety and Security: Safety and security influence the tourist growth greatly. If there is any mishap or tragedy involving any tourist, that incident decreases the inflow of tourists. Every tourist wants his/her safety first. In the Kashmir valley, tourism has gone down significantly, particularly after 198,5 due to terrorist activities, and tourist inflow turned towards other states like Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, etc.
• (iv) Economic condition: People with high incomes generally travel more than the lower class, because they have high purchasing power. They can spend a lot of money on travel and tourism activities.
• (v) Facilities and Services: There are various infrastructural facilities and services which determine the tourist traffic tremendously. These include accommodation, hotel, accessibility, transport, banking services, communication, bookings, guides, recreational activities, etc. The availability and quality of these services attract or discourage the tourist from visiting any area.
• (vi) Government Policies: For promoting tourism in the country, the government can give some subsidies, packages, a liberal visa policy and travel regulations. Some countries do not require a visa for tourists; they grant it on arrival, while certain nations have very tough conditions for getting it. To promote tourism, the Government of India conduct some shows to attract tourists from various countries by demonstrating tourist attractions.

22. Explain four types of advertising media are generally used in tourism business. [4 × 11⁄2 = 6]

Ans: The following types of advertising media are generally used in the tourism business.

• Press Media
  • The medium of print has always held an important place in the world. 
  • The power of the written word has been recognised since the era of shared information. 
  • In spite of the onslaught of the visual medium in recent years, the press still enjoys the top position as a promotional media vehicle, especially in the tourism sector. 
  • Until very recently, press print was the only medium of travel and tourism advertisement.
• Broadcast Media
  • The broadcast media mainly consist of radio, television, cinema and video. 
  • Although radio is different from the other three, it holds the audience’s interest like any of its counterparts in the broadcast medium. 
  • Nowadays, several FM channels are coming up. FM Band is very popular among the youth, which has become a prime target for marketers. 
  • The advertising agencies of tourism firms are making catchy jingles and broadcasting them on the radio to capture the imagination of the audience.
• Internet
  • The Internet is the latest in the advertising world. 
  • Advertisements are regularly posted on various internet sites and also sent to various e-mail addresses. 
  • Promotional letters and invitations are sent via e-mail to subscribers. Various search engines have specially allocated space for advertisements, which has removed the boundaries of cities, regions and nations to reach millions of people. 
  • The travel industry is using the internet in a big way. 
  • Most of the search engines have travel and tour sites, and many of these sites eventually provide for online booking.
• Aerial Advertising
• The aerial advertising concept is very popular in the USA and came to India very recently. 
• The aerial banker service involves fibre glass mesh banner held by aluminium alloy rods and towed by a single-seater and single-engine aircraft flying at 700 ft. to 100 ft. above the ground. 
• The banner message length can be up to a maximum of 40 English letters.

23. “Most of the classical dance styles of India were developed in the 2nd and 3rd centuries.” Support the statement with suitable examples. [6]

Ans: Most of the classical dance styles of India were developed in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. In India, eight major Indian classical dance forms are very popular and attended by a large number of people. These are Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniattam, Odissi and Sattriya.

• Bharatanatyam: This classical dance form originated in the Tamil Nadu state of India during the late 18th and early 19th century. Bharatanatyam is a widely appreciated dance form, and it demands unconditional and undivided dedication to becoming a good Bharatanatyam dancer.
• Kathak: This classical dance form was initially performed as a temple ritual in north India, but later became royal court entertainment under the Mughal and Persian influence.
• Kathakali: This is a unique form of dance drama from Kerala, which is performed on stories from the Hindu epics like the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the Puranas in the temples.
• Kuchipudi: This dance originated from Andhra Pradesh. It was initially performed in the temples by the Brahmin men, known as Bhagavathalu. It is a form of dance-drama, enacted at night in the open air on an improvised stage. The dancers wear colourful costumes, make-up, and heavy jewellery and ornaments.
• Manipuri: Manipuri dance is a classical dance form of Manipur. It is a very ancient form of Indian classical dance, and the earliest records of this dance date back to about 100 AD. As compared to other Indian classical dances, Manipuri dance movements are slow and graceful. 
• Mohiniattam: This dance form belongs to Kerala. Mohiniattam means Mohini’s Dance (according to Indian mythology, Mohini was an incarnation of Lord Vishnu in the form of a beautiful woman with the intention to slay the demon Bhasmasur). 
• Odissi dance style originates from Odisha. It is considered to be one of the oldest surviving dance forms in the world. In ancient times, it was performed in the temples of Odisha. The dance is based on the Sanskrit play Geet Govinda, which shows love and devotion to Lord Krishna.
• Sattriya: It is the classical dance form of Assam. Sattriya dance tradition is governed by strictly laid down principles in respect of hastamudras, footwork, aharyas and music, etc. The costumes of the dancers are made of Assam Pat Silk and traditional Assamese jewellery. It is accompanied by musical compositions called borgets based on classical ragas.

SECTION – B

OPTION – I (Travel and Tour Operation Business)

24. Explain the functions of ‘Domestic Tour’ operator’s. [2]

Ans: Domestic tour operators operate within the boundaries of the home country and cater to the diverse needs of individuals and group travellers. They promote tour packages both through their own outlets and other retail travel agents. They are contributing to the cause of national integration and balanced regional economic growth. They arrange tours for tourists from Chennai to visit Varanasi. 

25. Explain the functions of whole-sale travel agency. [2]

Ans: A wholesale travel agency assembles various components of services to form packages and sell their products to tourists. 

• It may also directly sell to the customers through its own retail outlets. 
• It buys service components in bulk from different suppliers, designs, packages and sells or resells these components. 
• Wholesale travel agency specialises in designing and selling package tours. 
• It generates revenues through volume discounts from principal service providers such as hotels, airlines, railways, car rentals, ground handlers, etc.

26. Mention eight steps followed in the formulation of tour packages in sequence. [8 × 1⁄2 = 4]

Ans: Below is a detailed sequence of steps followed in the formulation of tour packages:

• Market research: Marketing research involves the study of the economy of the country to be visited, foreign exchange rate, demand for the product, consumer profile, competitors in the market, studying the product components like sightseeing, transport, baggage allowance, ground service, etc., sales status, channels of distribution, and promotional measures.
• Prepare an itinerary: A well-planned itinerary holds the key to the success of a package tour. It needs to incorporate exciting places of interest and enough scope for events and activities.
• Identification: Identify and decide on the mode of travel, hotels, destinations, dates, capacity and others.
• Contracts: Sign contracts with principal service providers. Agreements with various service providers well in advance are important. Contracts for the timely delivery of services by hotels, transportation, entry permits, ground handler etc. have to be signed.
• Costing of the package: After having signed contracts and designing the package, systematic costing of the package will be done, which includes the cost to be incurred towards all elements of a package tour and then the package is given a mark-up price before a price tag is decided upon.
• Tour Brochure: Promotional material is another important aspect in the formulation process. Both print and electronic media are widely used, but brochures are an integral part of them, which play a major role. Hence, designing and printing attractive brochures and other materials is essential for marketing.
• Marketing of the product: In line with the demand requirements of the markets right kind of marketing strategies are framed, and then the product is marketed through the above-listed means of promotional material.
• Documentation: This last step in the formulation process includes a copy of the client’s itinerary, tour vouchers, travel and other entry tickets, luggage labels and other useful information for the clients.

27. Examine the role of trained personnel in the development of tourism. [4]

Ans: There is a need for skilled manpower to handle visitors/clients. It is only possible with a pool of trained professionals. Hence, it is listed as one of the major functions of travel agencies and tour operators

for organisational growth and quality enhancement. 

• Employees are trained in industry suitability skills, handling guests, crisis management, soft skills, sales and marketing and updating of operational skills with change in technology. 
• This will help develop the capabilities of its human resources specifically and the business of the organisation in general.

OPTION – II (Hospitality Management)

24. Explain any two basic functions of maintenance department. [2]

Ans: The main functions of the maintenance department are:

• To maintain all the equipment of the hotel.
• To maintain all the furniture and equipment of rooms and other areas of hotel.

25. Explain the role of Sanitation and Gardening departments of a hotel. [1 + 1 = 2]

Ans: 

• Sanitation is essential to promote health. It includes overall cleanliness as well as treatment and proper disposal of waste. The housekeeping department of the hotel is responsible for the overall sanitation work.
• Gardens are a place where hotel guests can relax after meetings, eat meals and socialise. The garden-facing rooms are very popular, and the management finds that they can charge a higher rate for them. These types of rooms (lanai).

26. Describe any four characteristics of ‘Gujarati food’. [4 × 1 = 4]

Ans: Characteristics of Gujarati Food

• Basic food includes salad, homemade pickle (achar), khichdi and buttermilk(chaas).
• Regular fasting with a diet limited to milk, dry fruits and nuts is common.
• A typical Gujarati thali consists of rotli (roti), dal or kadhi, bhaat(rice) and shaak(vegetables).
• It is common to add little sugar or gurh (jaggery) to some of the vegetables and dals

27. Examine the role of ‘Bell Desk’ department of a hotel. [4]

Ans: Bell Desk is responsible for escorting the guests to their rooms and familiarising them with hotel facilities, safety features and in-room features.

Functions

• Handling guests’ luggage during arrival and departure.
• Making general purchases like medicines, postage stamps, etc.
• Locating a guest in a specific area of the hotel. This is called paging.
• Keeping guests’ luggage in the left luggage room, if required.

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