Chapter 13. Transport and Communication Textbook Solutions

NIOS Social Science Class 10 Chapter 13 Solutions

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.1

1. Complete the following statements;

(a) East-West corridor links …………………. and …………………. as ………………….

Ans:

(a) Silchar and Porbander are located in the eastern and western edges of the country.
(b) Golden quadrilateral, a geometrical quadrilateral, of various types of relief features across the country

(b) Super Highway connecting four metro-cities is known as …………………. as it forms ………………….

Ans:

2. (a) Explain briefly the main factor affecting the density of railways. Identify the following two groups of states where there is high and low density of railways and give reasons for your answer.

Ans: These regions have a high railway density due to the following reasons,

Punjab and Haryana – due to agricultural productions
Maharashtra and Gujarat – due to industrialization
Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh – due to mineral deposits

(b) Identify two advantages and two disadvantages in each roadways and railways transport.

Ans:

Advantages

Both are important means of transport for the masses.
Both are essential for the development of a region.

Disadvantages

Railways are generally used for long distances.
Railways can carry very large volumes.
Railways involve high construction and maintenance costs.
Roadways are generally preferred over shorter distances.
Roadways can carry a lesser volume.
Roadways involve a lower cost in construction and maintenance.

3. “A few states of India lack a good railway network”. Justify the statement in 30 words.

Ans: Because of the high mountains and rugged topology. For example, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.2

1. (a) Complete the given table with the help of the map given below.

Port	State	Coast
Mumbai	Maharashtra	Western

Port	State	Coast
Kandla	Gujarat	Western
Mumbai	Maharashtra	Western
Jawaharlal Nehru	Maharashtra	Western
Marmagao	Goa	Western
New Mangalore	Karnataka	Western
Kochi	Kerala	Western
Tuticorin	Tamil Nadu	Eastern
Chennai	Tamil Nadu	Eastern
Visakhapatnam	Andhra Pradesh	Eastern
Paradip	Orissa	Eastern
Haldia	West Bengal	Eastern
Kolkata	West Bengal	Eastern

(b) Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Bihar, etc. do not have any ports as those states are far away from the ocean.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.3

1. Which state has more than one international airport?

Ans: Maharashtra

2. Mention two states which do not have international airports?

Ans: Haryana and Rajasthan

3. Which is the closest or nearest Domestic and International airport from your house?

Ans: As per the learners’ experience

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.4

1. Categorize the following into personal communication, Mass Communication and others;

Electronic monitor, utility van, tractor, telegram, metro rail, mobile, postcard, fax, news bulletin, radio, ambulance, Facebook, Twitter, magazine, bulk SMS.

Ans:

Means of transport: Utility van, tractor, metro rail, ambulance, trolley, bicycle.
Means of communication: Telegram, mobile, postcard, fax, Facebook, Twitter.

2. Give one word for each of the following statement:

(a) A system of carrying messages to exchange thoughts, ideas and information.

Ans: Communication

(b) The service through which letters, parcels and money-orders are sent.

Ans: Postal service

(c) A system of writing letters through the internet.

Ans: Email

(d) The authority responsible for transmission of programs through radio in India.

Ans: All India Radio (AIR)

(e) The most common and popular means of personal communication in India at present.

Ans: Mobile Phones

TERMINAL EXERCISES

1. Why are the means of transport and communication regarded as the lifelines of a country and its economy?

Ans: Transport facilitates trade and commerce by carrying goods from the areas of production to those of consumption. Goods from the areas that have surplus are shifted to those areas which are deficient in those items. Movement of people from one place to another in search of jobs, education and emergency services through transport facilities. Communication keeps us informed about the world’s events and trends. It brings in positive changes in the lives of the people, thereby enhancing their economic

conditions.

2. State three merits and three demerits of roadways?

Ans:

Merits

Roads provide door-to-door service by means of a rickshaw, car, bicycle, bus, scooter or truck.
The construction, repair and maintenance cost is less than those of other means of transport.
It is the cheapest and most convenient mode of transportation for a few people and relatively smaller amounts of goods over shorter distances.

Demerits

It takes longer.
Not an ideal transportation for perishable food items.
Not an ideal transportation option for long distances.
Difficult to transport heavier items via road.

3. What is the importance of water ways for India?

Ans:

It is the cheapest means compared to other means of transport because it involves no expenditure on construction other than maintenance.
It is very useful for transporting heavy and bulky goods. A ship can carry lakhs of tonnes of goods at a time.
It is a better mode of transportation for petroleum and its products as it involves cross-continental transfers. India lacks petroleum deposits, and most of it is imported from Middle Eastern countries.
It is a fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly means of transportation.

4. Study the map of Major Ports and answer the following questions:

(a) Count and tell how many ports are there on the eastern coast.

Ans: Six

(b) List the states that have two ports.

Ans: Maharashtra, West Bengal

(c) Name the state in which Paradeep port is located.

Ans: Odisha

(d) Name the port located in Goa.

Ans: Marmagaon

(e) Name the southernmost port of India.

Ans: Tuticorin

5. What are the benefits of airways over other means of transport?

Ans:

Air transport is the fastest means of transport, and one can reach the destination in a few hours, covering
the distance of hundreds of kilometres.
It is free from surface hindrances such as inaccessible mountains, dense forests, marshy lands or flooded areas.
It is most important due to its utility in national defence.
It also connects countries of different continents, making earth a global village.
It is suitable for transporting fruits, vegetables or high-value goods like costly drugs and sophisticated machines in the desired time frame.
It is very useful at the time of natural or any other calamities for saving people or supplying goods of their basic requirements immediately.

6. State the importance of communication in your day-to-day activities.

Ans: Communication is a system of carrying messages to exchange thoughts, ideas and information and also to share your sorrows and pleasures with your family members or friends. It helps us be informed about news and happenings around us. It also helps us stay connected with our family and friends. Moreover, it allows the government to issue warnings or notifications in case of emergencies.

7. Differentiate between personal communication and mass communication.

Ans: Personal communication is the communication between individuals on a one-on-one basis. Eg, letters posted or communication over the telephone. Mass communication is the means by which information can be communicated to a very large number of people. It includes media, such as radio, television, newspaper, cinema, books, magazines, traditional folk modes and satellite communication.

8. List five problems that you faced during your last journey by train. Suggest at least one remedy for each of the problems you faced.

Ans: Individual answer

9. On the outline map of India, identify the states of high, moderate and low rail density and name them. Why do they have such density?

(Hints: Difficult terrain, climatic conditions, economy, etc)

Ans:

The construction of railways is very difficult and costly in mountainous regions, whereas it can be easily done in areas of flat land. Therefore, India has a dense railway network in the Gangetic plain, whereas desert, hills, marshy regions, flood-prone areas, dense forest, areas with rapids and rivers have not been developed much.
The states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Punjab and Haryana are well connected by railways because these states are located in the plains. These areas are the food bowl of India, and most of the crops grown here are taken to other parts of the country through railways.
Areas where mining and industries are more developed tend to have better railway facilities for easy transportation of goods. Areas with less industrial development cannot compensate for the cost of construction of railways, therefore have less railway network.
Regions which are densely populated and have more movements are definitely well connected with railways.
Urban areas or large cities attract more people for jobs, business, education, trade, and banking, and have high-density railway networks for the quick movement of people.