Chapter 2 Food & Its Nutrients Textbook Solutions

NIOS Home Science Class 10 Chapter 2

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.1

1. State four reasons for eating food.

Ans:  

• Food gives us energy to work
• Food helps in the growth and repair of tissues
• Food gives strength to fight against diseases
• Food helps the body to function normally

2. Choose the correct alternative given at the end of each statement given below:

(i) The main use of proteins in the body is	(a) energy for work and play
(ii) Besides energy, fat helps in	(b) growth and repair of tissues
(iii) Carbohydrates are needed to provide	(c) making food tasty
	(d) protection to delicate organs in the body

Ans: (i) b (ii) c (iii) a

3. Name the main nutrient present in the following:

No.	Food	Nutrient Present	No.	Food	Nutrient Present
(a)	Fish liver oil		(g)	Milk
(b)	Butter		(h)	Jaggery
(c)	Vanaspati		(i)	Wheat
(d)	Cheese		(j)	Egg
(e)	Dal		(k)	Sweet potato
(f)	Meat		(l)	Mustard oil

Ans: (a) Fat (b) Fat (c) Fat (d) Protein (e) Protein (f) Protein (g) Protein, fat (h) Carbohydrates

(i) Carbohydrates (j) Protein (k) Carbohydrates (l) Fat

4. Find out the answers for following questions from the puzzle below. You may look horizontally or vertically. Write your answer in the space provided.

C	E	R	E	A	L	S
A	p	I	S	Z	Q	D
B	R	K	X	F	W	S
D	O	M	W	A	H	A
C	T	G	A	T	R	K
N	E	R	Q	V	Y	K
M	I	F	W	B	I	L
T	N	D	E	M	K	Y
P	O	T	A	T	O	O

a) Which nutrient provides maximum amount of energy?

b) Nutrient found in eggs in abundance?

c) Major source of energy in our daily diet?

d) Good source of carbohydrate?

Ans: (a) Fat (b) Protein (c) cereal (d) potato

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.2

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below.

1. i. Calcium is needed for

(i) improving the taste of food.

(ii) healthy bones

(iii) strong teeth

(iv) clotting of blood

Ans: (iii) strong teeth

ii. Richest source of iron is

(i) iodized salt

(ii) milk

(iii) leafy vegetables

(iv) wheat

Ans: (iii) leafy vegetables

iii. Fortified salt is rich in

(i) iron

(ii) iodine

(iii) calcium

(iv) all the above

Ans: (ii) iodine

iv. Person suffering from iodine deficiency must eat/drink

(i) seafood

(ii) root and tubers

(iii) milk products

(iv) fibre-rich food

Ans: (i) seafood

v. Movement of muscles definitely requires presence of

(i) iodine

(ii) iron

(iii) calcium

(iv) all the above.

Ans: (iii) calcium

2. Tick Mark (√) the fat-soluble vitamins from the choices given:

(a) Vitamin A

(b) Vitamin B

(c) Vitamin C

(d) Vitamin D

Ans: Vitamin A and Vitamin D

3. Which vitamin will you get from the following food items?

(i) amla……………………… (vii) sprouted pulses……………

(ii) carrot…………………… (viii)sunlight on skin…………

(iii) cereals…………………. (ix) milk………………………

(iv) eggs…………………… (x) butter………………………

(v) fish oil…………………. (xi) pumpkin……………………

(vi) green leafy vegetables……… (xii) liver………………………

Ans: 

• (i) amla – Vit. C 
• (ii) carrot – Vit. A 
• (iii) cereals – Vit. B 
• (iv) eggs – Vit. A, Vit. B
• (v) fish oil – Vit. A, Vit D 
• (vi) green leafy vegetables – Vit. A, Vit. B
• (vii) sprouted pulses – Vit. C
• (viii) sunlight on skin – Vit. D
• (ix) milk – Vit. A
• (x) butter – Vit. A, Vit. D
• (xi) pumpkin – Vit. A
• (xii) liver – Vit. A

4. Fill in the blanks:

(i) Vitamin D can be produced by the ……………… in the presence of ……………

Ans: body, sunlight 

(ii) One function of Vitamin A is to keep our……………. healthy.

Ans: eyes 

(iii) To keep our gums and teeth healthy, we must take ………………..

Ans: Calcium 

(iv) The vitamin which makes bones and teeth strong is …………….

Ans: Vitamin B

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.3

State whether the following statements are true or false. If true, give the justification:

(i) Fiber is not essential in the diet.

Ans: (i) F, Makes the digestive system healthy 

(ii) We must remove the outer skin of apples before eating.

Ans: (ii) F, apple skin is rich in fibre

(iii) Fiber helps in the prevention of cancer.

Ans: (iii) T

(iv) Fiber makes fat.

Ans: (iv) F, makes you fit and healthy 

(v) Fiber is found in tomatoes and grapes.

Ans: (v) T

(vi) Fiber increases bulk of the food.

Ans: (vi) T 

(vii) You will lose weight if you do not eat fibre.

Ans: (vii) F, Fibre gives a feeling of satiety and prevents overeating.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.4

I Put a tick mark (√) against the right answer.

1. Deficiency diseases are those that occur in your body because of

(i) less water

(ii) absence of a nutrients

(iii) absence of exercise

(iv) presence of disease germs

Ans: (ii) absence of a nutrients

2. Vitamin A is important because it

(i) prevents night blindness

(ii) keeps the skin healthy

(iii) prevents anaemia

(iv) prevents constipation

Ans: (i) prevents night blindness

3. Haemoglobin formation is reduced in

(i) scurvy

(ii) anaemia

(iii) goitre

(iv) night blindness

Ans: (ii) anemia

4. If you take excessive amount of carbohydrates, you will become

(i) underweight

(ii) anaemic

(iii) obese

(iv) Marasmic

Ans: (iii) obese

5. An example of a food which prevents vitamin A deficiency is

(i) spinach

(ii) lemon

(iii) banana

(iv) potato

Ans: (i) spinach

TERMINAL EXERCISES

1. List the four important functions of food.

Ans: 

• Food satisfies hunger: We eat food to satisfy our hunger. It also provides mental and psychological satisfaction. Therefore is the prime need to be satisfied in life.
• Social functions: Food has always been a central part of our social existence. It helps to relax and creates a friendly mood. People take special care in planning and cooking food for social occasions, so food promotes a sense of community.
• Psychological functions: In addition to social functions, food must also satisfy our emotional needs. These include a sense of security, love and attention. Familiar food items make us feel secure. A baby gets emotional security while being breastfed. Anticipating food needs and fulfilling them are expressions of love, care and attention. Similarly, sharing food is a token of friendship and acceptance.

2. Recommend three energy-giving foods for an active school-going child.

Ans: Milk, sweet potatoes, and pulses. 

3. Justify the need for extra calcium and iron in diet of adolescents.

Ans: Calcium makes teeth and bones healthy and strong. Calcium is required in large quantities for optimum growth during childhood. During adolescence iron requirement of the body increases, and thus they need iron in their diet. 

4. Write names of any four deficiency diseases and mention one symptom of each.

Ans: 

• Deficiency of iodine leads to a disease called cretinism. Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth.
• Osteoporosis in adults is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D. Brittle bones are a symptom.
• Night blindness- Deficiency of Vitamin A
• Scurvy – Deficiency of Vitamin C

5. Match the nutrients given in column A with their functions in column B:

Column A	Column B
i Vitamins and minerals	Bodybuilding and repair of tissues
ii Proteins	Energy giving
iii Carbohydrates	Protection from the diseases

Ans: 

Column A	Column B
i Vitamins and minerals	Protection from the diseases
ii Proteins	Bodybuilding and repair of tissues
iii Carbohydrates	Energy giving

6. Complete the table given below :

S. No.	Name of nutrient	Main function	Sources	Deficiency Disease
1	Vitamin B
2	Vitamin C
3	Vitamin D
4	Calcium
5	Iron
6	Iodine
7	Water

Ans: 

S. No.	Name of nutrient	Main function	Sources	Deficiency Disease
1	Vitamin B	Helps the body to use  energy Keeps the digestive system healthy	Pulses, whole grains, cereals, wheat, rice, etc.	Sore mouth
2	Vitamin C	All the body cells need Vitamin C because it helps to hold cells together. It also keeps our teeth and gums healthy.	Fruits, leafy vegetables, potatoes, sprouted grains, guava, and amla are the richest sources.	Scurvy
3	Vitamin D	Works with minerals – phosphorus and calcium to make teeth and bones strong	Oily fish, milk, cheese, butter, ghee, etc. Our body can make Vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight.	Green leafy vegetables, whole cereals, legumes, egg yolk, kidney, liver, heart, jaggery, dates, and pomegranate
4	Calcium	Strengthen bones and teeth, functioning of muscles.	Milk and milk products, leafy vegetables.	Osteoporosis
5	Iron	Needed for the formation of haemoglobin	Seafoods like fish and seaweeds.Plants that grow in iodine-rich soil. Salt fortified with Iodine.	Anemia
6	Iodine	The proper functioning of the thyroid gland in our body.	Seafoods like fish and seaweeds.Plants that grow in iodine-rich soil. Salt fortified with Iodine.	Goiter
7	Water	Proper functioning of the body, digestion of food, body temperature maintenance, remove waste products from the body.	beverages like buttermilk (lassi), milk, fruit juices, etc.	Dehydration

Additional Study Materials

• Chapter 1 What is Home Science Textbook Solutions