Tourism

Tourism Chapter 4 – Fundamentals of Travel and Tourism Geography

NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 4 Solutions

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.1

(A) Fill in the blanks

(i) …………… is the only latitude whose plane passes from the centre of the earth.

(ii) Equator divides the earth into two …………… .

(iii) 0° longitude passes through the …………… near London.

(iv) India lies in …………… hemisphere.

Ans:

(i) Equator
(ii) Hemispheres
(iii) Greenwich
(iv) Northern

(B) Answer the following questions in brief:

1. Describe the role of geography in travel and tourism.

Ans: Tourism phenomena like travel distance, transport, time lag between the origin and destination of the tourism site and location, and current environmental conditions can be understood by geographical analysis.

2. What is meant by latitude and longitude?

Ans:

Latitude – An angular distance measured at the centre of the earth from the equatorial plane, either to the north or south direction.
Longitude – An angular distance measured along the axis of the earth between the prime meridian plane and the plane of the parallel of the place of which the longitude is sought.

3. Why should travellers have basic knowledge of latitude and longitude?

Ans: To locate any place on the earth’s surface.

– Determining time on the globe requires an understanding of longitude.

– Understanding of latitude helps to know about the climate of any place on the Earth’s surface.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.2

1. Define the international date line.

Ans: The International Date Line is an imaginary line on the Earth’s surface that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and separates one calendar day from either side.

2. How much is the time difference between Allahabad and London?

Ans: The time difference between Delhi and London is 5 hours 30 minutes, as there is a total longitude difference of 82° 30′ because London is on the Prime Meridian (0°) and Allahabad’s time is decided by 82° 30′ East.

3. What is the effect of crossing the international date line?

Ans: One day is added when a person is crossing the International Date Line from east to west and when he or she is crossing from west to east then there is a reduction of one day (24 hours).

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.3

Answer the following questions in brief:

1. What are the two major categories of Maps?

Ans:

(a) General Reference Map

(b) Special or Thematic Map

2. Describe thematic maps

Ans: Thematic maps give general information about climate, vegetation, rainfall, temperature, minerals, industries, roads, railways, air routes, etc.

3. A foreign tourist intends to visit various tourist places in India. Which maps would you suggest to him for reference?

Ans: Tourist map and transport map of India.

4. What are the features of a trekking Route Map?

Ans: The trekking route map shows the treks in mountainous areas along which trekking is possible. It indicates the trekking path, height at different locations, and camp pitching ground, along with the river and mountain systems.

Terminal Exercises

1. How does the understanding of Geography help promote tourism?

Ans: Geography plays a very significant role in travel and tourism. It helps us:

to locate a specific area on the globe/map
to find out the geographical time-lag between source and destination,
to set the time of the clock in a global perspective,
to illustrate factual data through maps and charts,
to understand different types of maps,
to read maps with comprehension,
to understand different types of charts,
to study other useful maps and charts about tourists.

2. Distinguish between latitude and longitude.

Ans: The Latitude of any place is an angular distance measured at the centre of the earth from the equatorial plane either to the north or south direction. Longitude of any place is the angular distance measured along the axis of the Earth between the prime meridian plane and the plane of the parallel of the place of which the longitude is sought.

3. What are special or thematic maps? Explain any four thematic maps.

Ans: Special or thematic maps give thematic information such as climate, vegetation, rainfall, temperature, distribution of crops, minerals, industries, roads, railways, air routes, wind direction and circulation, cyclones, etc. These maps can further be divided into sub-parts depending on the specific requirements of a person.

A political map represents the area of a particular continent/country/state, or any unit of political administration. Many colours are used to differentiate one political unit from another.
A physical map represents the physical features/height of an area. Many colours are used in this type of map. The colours are in shaded form. Generally darker shade represents a higher elevation, and the lighter shade represents a lower altitude.
A road map represents the roads found in any particular area with information on motorability in different seasons. This road map also shows the availability of petrol pumps, boarding and lodging facilities and places of public assistance.
A railway map gives information about the railway network in a country, or even the connectivity with the adjoining countries, continuously.

4. Define the International Date Line.

Ans: The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line on the surface of the earth that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and separates one calendar day from one side to another.

5. Explain geographical time lag.

Ans: Geographical Time Lag refers to the difference in local time between places due to the Earth’s rotation on its axis.

The rotation of the Earth is a complete circle. A complete circle has 360°, which is covered in twenty-four hours. If the angle of 360° is divided by 24 hours, the result would be that one hour is covered by 15°. One hour is equal to 60 minutes, which means that the Earth rotates by 1° in four minutes.

It means eastern locations experience sunrise and noon earlier than western locations, creating a “lag” for travellers moving west and a “lead” for those moving east, necessitating time zone adjustments for tourists. An international tourist visiting any country has to adjust the time of their watch as per the destination.

6. Distinguish between the Bar and Pie charts.

Ans:

A bar is a rectangular-shaped two-dimensional representation of information. A bar chart is very effective when the numerical data are grouped into different categories. It could be single or multiple and can be used on a map or on a separate sheet.
A pie chart represents the proportional share of values constituted by different sectors. In this method, all the values are added together to represent 100%, for which a circle is drawn. The same circle is divided into various sectors depending on the items contained within those sectors.