Tourism

Tourism Chapter 14 – Growth and Patterns of Tourism in World

NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 14 Solutions

INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.1

1. List any five factors associated with tourists.

Ans:

a. More disposable income of the tourist
b. Paid holidays or holiday entitlement
c. Travel cost
d. Technology
e. Package providers/ tour operators

2. Write about any three natural attractions and three cultural attractions.

Ans:

Natural: Landscapes, Parks, and Coasts.
Cultural: Historical Sites, Archaeological Sites, and Museums.

3. What do you understand by sports tourism?

Ans: Sports tourism is the movement of tourists to participate in or see sports in another place. Sports tourism includes such activities as golf, swimming, tennis, cricket, snow sports, the World Cup, football, etc.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.2

1. Describe the factors affecting world tourism.

Ans: Some factors affecting world tourism are natural landscapes, beautiful natural sites, accessibility, and moderate climatic conditions.

2. Discuss the events and recreational tourist attractions.

Ans: Several specific events are organised all over the world like festivals, religious and trade fairs, etc.

Many recreational attractions are available, which magnetise the tourists, such as sightseeing, sports, golf, snow sports, the World Cup, football, etc.

3. Discuss the growth of world tourism since 2011.

Ans: The growth of world tourism has been high since 2011. In the year 2011, there were 983 million tourist arrivals, in 2013 it rose to 1,087 million tourists and it increased further to 1,184 million in 2015. The prospects of this growth remain positive, with international tourist arrivals expected to grow by 4% worldwide in 2016.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.3

1. Write about the top ten countries contributing to world tourism.

Ans: France, United States, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, China, Poland, Mexico, Canada, and Hungary.

2. Which region of the world shares the maximum international tourism receipts?

Ans: The share of Europe is the maximum (41per cent) in international tourism receipts.

3. How has the share of developing countries enhanced in international tourism?

Ans: The growth of tourist arrivals in East Asia and the Pacific is very strong. The share of Europe and America has declined significantly. It has happened due to the growth/expansion of other destinations. By 2020, South Asia’s share is expected to reach 19 million, much greater than in previous periods.

Terminal Exercises

1. Discuss the growth pattern of world tourism since 1950.

Ans: After 1950, the growth in the number of pockets of the world of tourism was observed outside the developed world as well.

New destinations grew, and tourists started visiting those areas.
The growing economy of the less developed countries attracted tourists from those countries, leading to the growing areas for tourism and an increasing number of tourists all over the world.
Some regions are very well developed, and they have been developedfore a long time. Some other regions are coming up in a big way.
The increase in tourists visiting East Asia and the Pacific is very considerable. On average, it is 13% per year, followed by the Middle East accounting 10%.
Europe and America were the main tourist destinations before 2000, but recently their share has declined by 10% and 13%, respectively. Both regions accounted for 95% share of tourists in 1950. It declined to 82% by 1990 and 76% by 2000 because of the development of other areas as ttouristdestinations.

2. Analyse the present trend in international tourism.

Ans: TThe trendof international tourist arrivals is almost continuously on the rise.

In a span of about seventeen years, the number of international tourist arrivals has risen to 1035 million in 2012 from 530 million in 1995.
International tourist arrivals grew by around 4% in 2012 in comparison to 2011. In 2012, the total international tourist arrivals rose to more than a billion for the first time in history. Asia and the Pacific recorded the highest growth across the regions, with 7% more.
In 199,5 it was around 527 million,n and shows the continuity in arrivals till 2002.
There seems to be a decline towards 2003, but again the trend is towards an increase in 2004, which is 764 million.
By 2010, we see that there is a continuous increase in tourist arrivals, and by 2015, it grows to 1.184 million.
In 2015, the maximum number (609 million), i.e. 51% of tourists visited Europe. After Europe, Asia and the Pacific comprised 278 million, i.e. 23 Percent. The minimum number (53 million), i.e. 5% visited Africa.

3. Explain the share of the top 10 countries in tourist arrivals and receipts.

Ans: International tourist receipts are expenditures on tourism activities by international inbound visitors. It includes all payments made to national tour and transport facilitators for international tourists.

In Europe, arrivals grew by 3%, while in Africa they were up by 2%. International tourism receipts reached US$ 1245 billion worldwide in 2014, up from US$ 1197 billion in 2013, corresponding to an increase of 3.7% in real terms (taking into account exchange rate fluctuations and inflation).

Europe, which accounts for 41% of worldwide international tourism receipts, saw an increase in tourism earnings in absolute terms from US$17 billion to US$ 509 billion (euro 383 billion).
Asia and the Pacific (30% share) saw an increase of US$ 16 billion, reaching US$ 377 billion (euro 284 bn).
In the Americas (22% share), receipts increased by US$ 10 billion to a total of US$ 274 billion (euro 206 bn).
In the Middle East (4% share), tourism receipts increased by an estimated US$ 4 billion to US$ 49 billion (euro 37 bn) and in Africa (3% share) by US$ 1 billion to US$ 36 billion (euro 27 bn).