NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 10 Solutions
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.1
1. Name the ten Sikh Gurus.
Ans: Guru Nanak Dev, Guru Angad, Guru Ramdas, Guru Arjun Dev, Guru Hargobind, Guru Har Rai, Guru Harkishan, Guru Tegh Bahadur, Guru Gobind Singh.
2. How is Guru Granth Sahib associated with Sikhism?
Ans: Guru Granth Sahib is the holy book of the Sikhs.
3. What are Takhts?
Ans: Takhts are placed where various social and political settlements were made by the Gurus.
4. Describe the ”5K’s that Sikh men are required to possess.
Ans: Kangha, Kesha, Kara, Kachcha, Kirpan.
5. Describe the concept of langar.
Ans: Langars are free kitchens.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.2
1. How did Islam come to India?
Ans: Islam came to India through traders from the Arab peninsula.
2. What are the five pillars of Islam?
Ans:
- (i) Prayer five times a day
- (ii) Zaka, i.e.,e giving alms to the poor
- (iii) Keeping fast in the month of Ramzan
- (iv) Pilgrimage to Mecca
- (v) Belief in one formless God, i.e. Allah.
3. List major festivals of Muslims.
Ans: Eid-ul Fitr, Eid-ul Zuha, Moharram, Eid Milad un-nabi.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.3
1. How did Christianity come to India?
Ans: Through traders.
2. Name any two famous Churches in India.
Ans:
(i) Basilica of Born Jesus in old Goa.
(ii) St. Thomas Mount at Chennai.
Terminal Exercises
1. Describe the teachings of Sikhism.
Ans: Teachings of Guru Nanak
- There is one God
- God is formless, Hari and Govind
- The caste system and idolatry should be rejected.
- Superstitions should be condemned.
- The virtues of humility, charity, forgiveness and truthfulness should be inculcated.
2. Give a brief account of Sikh Heritage.
Ans: The worship places of Sikhs are known as the Takhts, which literally means ‘the seat of the divine power,’ and Gurudwara stands for ‘the doorway to the master’.
It is said that ‘Takhts’ are places where various social and political settlements
were done by the Gurus. The five ‘Takhts’ include
- (i) Sri Akal Takht, founded by Guru Hargobind Singh
- (ii) Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib, where the Khalsa Panth originated
- (iii) Takht Sri Damdama Sahib, where the complete version of Guru Granth Sahib was written by Guru Gobind Singh
- (iv) Takht Sri Hazur Sahib, where Guru Gobind Singh his last breathed
- (v) Takht Sri Patna Sahib is situated on the banks of the River Ganga
Gurudwaras are historically related to Sikh pilgrimage. Some important Gurudwaras are Gurudwara Paonta Sahib, dedicated to Guru Gobind Singh Ji, which is located in Paonta Sahib City in Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh. This revered site draws devotees in huge flocks. The name ‘Paonta’, meaning ‘feet’, best justifies the importance of this place.
- Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Sahib, one of the most revered Sikh shrines, stands as a homage to the ninth guru of the Sikhs, Guru Tegh Bahadur.
- Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib was built at the site in the Chandni Chowk area of Old Delhi. Here, the martyrdom of the ninth Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur took place on Wednesday, November 24, 1675, on the orders of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. In memory of this martyrdom Gurudwara was built and is known by the name Sis Ganj Sahib.
- Hemkund Sahib is a majestic shrine situated at an altitude of 15,200 feet above sea level. It is accessible on foot from Gobind Ghat in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India.
- Patna Saheb Gurudwara, dedicated to the 10th Sikh Guru, Govind Singh, is situated on the river Ganga. During the Holi festival in March, the Gurudwara overflows with pilgrims who come in large numbers to visit this place.
- The Golden Temple at Amritsar is the most sacred for the Sikhs. The town was founded by Guru Ram Das, the fourth Sikhsguru, in 1577 on the land gifted by Akbar. The fifth Guru Arjun Dev completed the temple. When Maharaja Ranjit Singh covered the upper half of the temple first with copper and then with pure gold leaf, it came to be known as the Swarna Mandir.
3. Discuss the main features of Islamic Culture.
Ans: Islam is a monotheistic religion established by Hazrat Mohammad in Mecca in 570 CE. The literal meaning of Islam is ‘Peace and Submission’.
- Muslims pray five times each day, always facing toward Mecca. A muezzin or person calls the people to pray in the mosque. An imam leads the people in prayer.
- During the holy month of Ramadan, adult Muslims must fast (go without food or drink) between sunrise and sunset.
- Muslims are not supposed to take intoxicants, eat pork, or gamble.
4. Describe the most popular Islamic Heritage sites available to Tourists in India.
Ans:
- Pir Haji Ali Shah Bukhari, Mumbai: Haji Ali Dargah is one of Mumbai’s most famous and prestigious landmarks, situated in the middle of the Arabian Sea.
- The Dargah of Hazrat Sheikh Alauddin Ali Ahmed is known as Sabir Dargah, Kaliyar Roorkee (Uttarakhand). The Dargah of Hazrat Shaikh Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari is in Roorkee, in the Haridwar district. He was a Sufi revered by both Hindus and Muslims. The Dargah has been in existence for about 800 years, where his Urs are celebrated by millions of people every year in Kaliyar.
- Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chisti’s Ajmer: The Dargah Sharif is situated in the heart of the city of Ajmer and is easily accessible from all parts of the country. The best time to pay a visit to the Dargah is between the months of October and March, when the weather is cool in Rajasthan.
- Hazrat Nizamuddin Aulia Dargah at Delhi has the annual Urs, which is held every year to celebrate the memory of one whose mysticism was not mysterious.
- Dargah of Hazrat Syed Hameed Qadir Vali at Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu is a world famous muslim plarimage centre. It is more than 500 years old and is topped by a golden dome and flanked by 5 minarets.
5. Discuss the main features of the Christian Culture and Traditions in India.
Ans: Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, who lived almost 2,000 years ago in the region of Palestine (now part of Jordan and Israel) on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea.
- Travelling on foot and preaching to the people, Jesus taught that men should love God and one another.
- From his followers, Jesus had chosen twelve men to be his Apostles.
- His Apostles set out to spread his teachings.
- The disciples of Jesus travelled to different parts of the Greco-Roman world and established many Christian churches.
- The Christian place of worship is called a church, often built in the shape of a cross with the altar facing east towards the rising sun.
- The Christian spiritual leaders are called priests or ministers who are believed to have a special relationship with God.
- The Bible is the Christian holy book.
- Christian Traditions and Ceremonies – “The Christian preachers emphasise that the essence of man’s soul is love, and the source of love is God.”
6. Describe any five most popular and significant Christian Heritage sites in India.
Ans:
- Thomas Church is the first Catholic Indian church located in Kodungaloor, Kerala. This is one of the famous seven Churches built by St. Thomas and the most famous church in South India.
- The Holy Christ Church is among the most notable Churches of North India, and the most popular is the Holy Christ Church. This yellow colored church is on the Ridge ground, Shimla. This is also a famous shooting spot for Bollywood films.
- St. John’s Church is the oldest cathedral church of North India. It is five kms away from the popular ‘peace of mind spot’ in McLeod Ganj. It was built around 1852. There is an absolute purity associated with this Church. It is surrounded by deodar trees and is in a natural atmosphere.
- St Cathedral, Goa, is another important and popular place for religious as well as secular tourists. Believers are awe-struck to hear of the cross of miracles, which is placed in the cathedral. People have had a vision of Christ on this Cross and the rock on which it was found.
- The Basilica of Bom Jesus, Old Goa, was built in 1605 and is now declared a World Heritage Monument. The church houses the sacred relics of St. Francis Xavier, patron saint of Goa, who died while on a sea voyage to China on December 2, 1552. The following year, while transferring his remains to Goa in accordance with his wishes, it was found that the saint’s body was as fresh as on the day it was buried.
Additional Study Materials
- NIOS Class 12 Tourism Syllabus Bifurcation
- NIOS Class 12 Tourism Sample Question Paper
- Chapter 9. Culture and Heritages in India–I: Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism
