Agriculture

Class 12 Agriculture Compartment Exam 2025

Class 12 Agriculture Supplementary Exam 2025

Maximum Marks: 60

SECTION A

1. Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions on Employability Skills. 4 x1=4

(i) What is the name of the presentation software in LibreOffice?

(A) Word

(B) Impress

(D) Zoom

(ii) A student suffering from Narcissistic disorder :

(A) Gives too much importance to self

(B) Gives importance to others

(D) Is very neat and clean

(iii) Which bar is located at the top of OpenOffice Calc?

(A) Title bar

(B) Menu bar

(D) Toolbar

(iv) Which one is not a stage of active listening?

(A) Receiving

(B) Remembering

(C) Realistic

(D) Responding

(v) The ability of an entrepreneur to make quick and profitable decisions is called :

(A) Interpersonal skills

(B) Perseverance

(C) Decisiveness

(D) Organisational skills

(vi) Which one is not a green job in the agriculture sector?

(A) Organic farming

(B) Integrated pest management

(C) Eco-tourism operators

(D) Agriculture tourism

2. Answer any 5 out of the given 7 questions. 5×1=5

(i) How are soil sampling and soil testing different from each other?

Ans: Soil sampling is the collection of samples from the given field to ensure a true representation of the field.

Soil testing helps to identify nutrient-deficient soils so farmers can enhance agricultural productivity and ensure a more reliable and diverse food supply by cultivating crops in nutrient-dense soil.

(ii) What should be the minimum concentration of sugar to be present in value-added products (like jam), to function as a preservative?

Ans: Above 65%

(iii) What is the percentage of nitrogen present in the fertilizer ammonium sulphate?

Ans: 21%

(iv) Who is known as the father of Canning?

Ans: M. Nicholas Appert

(v) Name two preservatives used to preserve pickles.

Ans: Oil, Salt, or Vinegar

(vi) The scientific name for European honey bee is _________.

Ans: Apis mellifera

(vii) Define compost.

Ans: Compost is a mixture of decayed or decaying organic matter used to fertilize soil. Compost is usually made by gathering plant material, such as leaves, grass clippings, and vegetable peels, into a pile or bin and letting it decompose as a result of the action of aerobic bacteria, fungi, and other organisms.

3. Answer any 6 out of the given 7 questions. 6×1=6

(i) Which gas is released from KMS (chemical preservative)?

Ans: Sulfur dioxide

(ii) Spreading solid fertilizer over the entire field before or at the time of sowing is called _________.

Ans: Broadcasting

(iii) How much urea is required for supplying 46 kg of available nitrogen?

Ans: 100 kg

(iv) What is the minimum fruit pulp required in fruit jam as per FPO specifications?

Ans: 45%

(v) Name two organic vegetables exported from India.

Ans: Brinjal, garlic, potato, tomato, onion

(vi) Name two fruits which can be used to prepare pickles.

Ans: Mango, Lime, Lemon, Jackfruit, Peaches, Apples, Crabapples, Pears, Plums, Grapes, etc.

(vii) Which plant nutrient plays a role in the closing and opening of stomata?

Ans: Potassium

4. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. 5×1=5

(i) Expand IPM.

Ans: Integrated Pest Management

(ii) Which value-added product of fruit is obtained by boiling the fruit pulp with a sufficient quantity of sugar to a reasonable thick consistency, firm enough to hold fruit tissue in position?

Ans: Fruit jam

(iii) Rose garden of Ludhiana is an example of which style of gardening?

Ans: Freestyle gardening

(iv) Which irrigation method is the simplest and easiest to adopt?

Ans: Flood irrigation

(v) What is the scientific name of the little bee?

Ans: Apis florea

(vi) The group of plants visited by honey bees for food is called

Ans: Pasturage

5. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. 5×1=5

(i) Name the horticultural crop also known as Kalpavriksha.

Ans: Coconut

(ii) Define bee pasturage.

Ans: The plants that yield nectar and Pollen are collectively termed as bee pasturage.

(iii) _________ works as the planting material for the commercial production of mushroom.

Ans: Spawn

(iv) Name two mobile plant nutrients in soil.

Ans: NO₃, 24SO²₄, BO²₃, Cl²⁺, Mn²⁺

(v) How many criteria were given by Arnon and Stout for essential plant nutrients?

Ans: 3

(vi) Name two fruits that are rich in Vitamin A.

Ans: Mango, Papaya, Persimmon, Date palm

6. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. 5×1=5

(i) What is the extraction rate of wheat meal flour?

Ans: 90-95%

(ii) Phosphorus content in urea is __________%.

Ans: 0%

(iii) Application of fertilizer and irrigation together is termed as ________.

Ans: Fertigation

(iv) Define Dehusking.

Ans: Removal of the husk from paddy is called dehusking.

(v) Which is the ‘‘one stop solution provider’’ for promotion of the food processing sector?

Ans: NIFTEM

(vi) Name two nitrogenous fertilizers used by farmers.

Ans: Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium chloride, Anhydrous ammonia, Sodium Nitrate, Calcium Nitrate, Potassium Nitrate, Ammonium Nitrate, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate, Ammonium Sulphate Nitrate, Urea, Calcium Cynamide (Any two)

SECTION B

(Subjective Type Questions) (30 marks)

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions on Employability Skills in 20 – 30 words each. 3×2=6

7. Explain the role of green jobs in water conservation.

Ans: Green jobs aid in developing and implementing sustainable water management practices and technologies. For example, using bamboo channels for drip irrigation is an eco-friendly way to irrigate the land. It uses water efficiently without any wastage. It is cheaper to build, and after 2-3 years, when the bamboo rots, it can be added to the soil as manure.

8. Who are social entrepreneurs?

Ans: Individuals who focus on developing solutions that benefit society are called social entrepreneurs. They develop, fund, and implement solutions that are directed towards society, culture, and the environment. The term ‘social innovator’ is used interchangeably with social entrepreneur.

9. Give two advantages of using presentation software.

Ans: Advantages of using presentation software

Presentations are interesting as they have features like images, videos, animation, and music.
Making changes is easy.
Presentation can be shown to a much larger audience by projecting on a screen.
The presentation can be printed and distributed to the audience

10. How does one overcome the barrier of past experience or mindset during active listening?

Ans: Avoid developing biases and be objective in your approach when interacting with others.

11. Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Ans: Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation :

Intrinsic motivation: Focus on no apparent external reward, one derives enjoyment and satisfaction in doing them.
Extrinsic motivation: Focus on incentives or external rewards.

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 20 – 30 words each. x́2=6

12. During jam preparation, what is the reason for obtaining sticky and gummy jam, and solution for it?

Ans: Sticky and gummy jam is due to a high percentage of total soluble solids (more sugar). This problem can be solved by the addition of pectin or citric acid, or both.

13. Write any two factors which affect the soil productivity.

Ans: Factors Governing Soil Productivity (Any Two)

Soil Fertility
Soil physical conditions
Soil/Farm Location
Market demand for Crops
Transportation Facility
Weather conditions
Insect-Pest and Disease Attack

14. Define green manuring. Name one suitable crop.

Ans: Green Manuring: A practice of ploughing or turning into the soil undecomposed green plant tissues for the purpose of improving the soil fertility. Green Manuring should be turned at the flowering stage and 45 days before sowing.

Suitable crops: Sunhemp, Daincha, Sweet Clorea, Blackgram, Mungbean, Clusterbean, Cowpea, Pea, Lentil, Mothbean

15. Write two benefits of controlled atmosphere storage.

Ans: Benefits of controlled atmosphere storage

Slow down respiration and ethylene production rates, softening and retard senescence of horticultural produce.
Reduce fruit sensitivity to ethylene action.
Alleviate certain physiological disorders such as chilling injury of various commodities, rust spotting in lettuce, and some storage disorders, including scald of apples.

16. List out the main pillars of organic farming.

Ans: Pillars of organic farming :

Organic threshold standards
Mechanism of certifications & regulatory affairs
Technology packages
Efficient & feasible market Network

Answer any 2 out of the given 3 questions in 30 – 50 words each. 2×3=6

17. How does cooking preserve food?

Ans: Cooking to preserve the food.

Destroy or reduce microorganisms and inactivate the undesirable enzymes.
Improve the colour, flavour, and texture of the food.
Destroy the potential hazard in the food.

18. Explain the following post-harvest treatments of fruits and vegetables :

(a) Pre-cooling

(b) Fumigation

Ans: Post-harvest treatment of fruits and vegetables

Pre-cooling: Pre-cooling is a treatment given to agricultural produce to remove the field heat immediately after harvest. It can be done with ice cold water, cold water, or forced air. Pre-cooling reduces respiration rate and decreases breakdown of nutritional and other stored material in the stem.
Fumigation: In this technique, place the boxes of fruit in a gas(SO2) tight room and introduce the gas from a cylinder at an appropriate concentration. The primary function of treatment is to control the Botrytis Cinerea. The SO2 fumigation is also used to prevent the discoloration of the skin of litchis.

19. Discuss the advantage of placement of fertilizer.

Ans: The main advantages of the placement of fertilizer are as follows :

When the fertilizer is placed, there is minimal contact between the soil and the fertilizer, and thus, fixation of nutrients is greatly reduced.
The weeds all over the field can not make use of the fertilizers.
The residual response of fertilizers is usually higher.
Utilization of fertilizers by the plants is higher.
Loss of nitrogen by leaching is reduced.
Being immobile, phosphates are better utilized when placed.

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50 – 80 words each. 3×4=12

20. Compare the features of formal and informal style of gardening.

Ans: Features of formal style of gardening

Symmetrical with square, rectangular, and roads cut at right angles.
It had a sort of enclosure or boundary.
Flower beds also have geometric designs, as in carpets.
The arrangement of trees and shrubs is necessarily geometrical and kept in shape by trimming and training.
Other features like fountains, water pools, cascades, etc., are used for further attraction.

Features of Informal style of gardening

This style reflects the naturalistic effect of the total view and represents natural beauty.
Asymmetrical according to the land available for making the garden.
Smooth curvaceous outlines are more appropriate.
Water bodies are more irregular in shape.
Hillocks are made, waterfalls provided, lakes and islands, cascades, and rocks.
Appropriately grouped plants provide a living quality, and they are not trimmed.

21. (a) Write six advantages of organic farming.

(b) Name two schemes launched by the Government of India for promoting organic farming in India.

Ans: (a) Advantages of Organic Farming (Any Six)

Organic manures produce optimal conditions in the soil for high-yielding and good-quality crops.
They supply all the nutrients required by the plant (NPK, secondary, and micronutrients).
They improve plant growth and physiological activities of plants.
They improve the soil physical properties such as granulation and good tilt, good giving good aeration, easy root penetration, and improved water holding capacity.
They improve the soil chemical properties, such as the supply and retention of soil nutrients, and promote favorable chemical reactions.
They reduce the need for purchased inputs.
Most of the organic manures are wastes or byproducts that accumulate, leading to pollution.
Organic fertilizers are considered complete plant food.
Organically grown crops are believed to provide healthier and nationally superior food for humans and animals than those grown with commercial fertilizers.
Organically grown plants are more resistant to disease and insects, and hence only a few chemical sprays or other protective treatments are required.
There is an increasing number of consumers who are willing to pay more for organic foods.
Organic farming helps to avoid a chain reaction in the environment from chemical sprays and dust.
Organic farming helps to prevent environmental degradation and can be used to regenerate degraded areas.
Since the basic aim is diversification of crops, a much more secure income can be obtained when they rely on only one crop or enterprise.

(b) Schemes launched by the Government of India for promoting organic farming in India : (Any Two)

National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) scheme
National Horticulture Mission (NHM) and Horticulture Mission for North East & Himalayan States (HMNEH)
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
National Project on Management of Soil Health and Fertility (NPMSH&F)
All India Network Project on Soil Biodiversity-Biofertilizers

22. Discuss the demerits of flood irrigation.

Ans: Demerits of flood irrigation (Any Four)

Not suitable in areas with scarce availability of water
This method is inappropriate in undulated land.
Leveling of land increases the cost of cultivation
In this method, water does not spread uniformly
It results in excess irrigation at the inlet region of the field and insufficient irrigation at the outlet end, which results in uneven crop growth.
Not suitable for crops that are sensitive to waterlogging.
Application efficiency is reduced because of either deep percolation (in case of longer duration of flooding) or the flow away of water (in case of shorter flooding duration) from the field.
Application efficiencies for surface methods may range from about 40 to 80 percent.

23. What are the main objectives of packaging of fruits and vegetables? Enlist at least four package materials used in packaging of agricultural products.

Ans: The Main objective of the packaging of fruits and vegetables

Packaging of fruits and vegetables significantly reduces losses and maintains their freshness, succulence, and quality for a longer period. Packaging also protects from mechanical damage and undesirable physiological changes, and pathological deterioration during storage, transportation, and marketing. By using plastic films, vegetables can be protected from dry air. Polythene packaging provides a modified atmosphere and consequently reduces decay, softening, and loss of solids.

Package material used in the packaging of agricultural products (Any Four)