Chapter 9 Care and Maintenance of Fabric Textbook Solutions

NIOS Home Science Class 10 Chapter 9

INTEXT QUESTIONS 9.1

1. Meena has a basket full of soiled clothes. These include her silk blouse, zari saree, cotton shirt, cotton payjama and woollen shawl. Which of these would you recommend her to wash at home, and which clothes should she send for dry cleaning? Why?

Ans: 

• Wash at home- cotton shirt, cotton pyjama
• Dry clean- silk blouse, zari saree, woollen shawl

2. Summer season has set in; you have to put away the winter clothes. What steps would you suggest to your friend to ensure that his clothes are clean and ready to store till the next season?

Ans: Washing, shaking, brushing and airing the clothes as appropriate before storing them inside airtight packages. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 9.2

1. State whether the following statements are true or false and justify with reasoning-

(a) Dirty clothes are harmful for personal hygiene

(b) ‘Laundering’ is same as ‘washing’ clothes

(c) Airing of clothes is useful when they are not to be washed immediately.

(d) Stains should be removed from the fabrics before washing.

Ans: 

• (a) True, dirty clothes become a medium for the growth of bacteria or fungus
• (b) False, laundering consists of washing or dry cleaning, finishing and storing
• (c) True, airing helps in drying and removing bad odours.
• (d) True, stains may become permanent when exposed to chemicals in soaps or detergents

INTEXT QUESTIONS 9.3

1. For removing each of the following stains, tick (√) the most appropriate option:

(i) Old tea stain on white cotton fabric:

(a) Use salt water

(b) Soak in glycerin

(c) Soak in lime juice

(d) Pour boiling water over borax

Ans: (d) Pour boiling water over borax

(ii) Old blood stains on coloured cotton fabric:

(a) Soak in salt water

(b) Soak in glycerin

(c) Soak in hot water

(d) Wash with soap and hot water

Ans: (a) Soak in salt water

(iii) Lipstick stain:

(a) Use of salt water

(b) Soak in ammonia

(c) Sponge with methylated spirit

(d) Wash with hot water and soap

Ans: (c) Sponge with methylated spirit

(iv) Rust stain:

(a) Use of salt water

(b) Use lime juice and salt

(c) Soak in methylated spirit

(d) Wash with soap and cold water

Ans: (b) Use lime juice and salt

(v) Nail polish stain on polyester fabric:

(a) Sponge with methylated spirit

(b) Soak in warm borax water

(c) Rub lime juice and salt

(d) Soak in warm water and soap

Ans: (d) Soak in warm water and soap

INTEXT QUESTIONS 9.4

Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word from those given in brackets:

i. Soaking clothes for some time helps to ___________ dirt. (loosen, fix, settle).

Ans: loosen 

ii. Starching is done to give cotton clothes a _________ look. (dull, crisp, shining).

Ans: shining 

iii. __________ should not be starched. (table linen, saris, undergarments).

Ans: under garments

iv. Coloured cotton articles should be dried in the ___________ (sun, shade, daylight).

Ans: shade 

v. Long exposure to sunlight makes fabrics __________ (bright, weak, dull).

Ans: weak

vi. _____________ should be used to wash very dirty white articles (hot water, boiling water, luke-warm).

Ans: hot water

vii. When cotton articles are stored moist, they develop ____________ (dullness, brightness, mildew).

Ans: mildew 

viii. Fabric that is not properly rinsed becomes __________ (weak, yellow, bright).

Ans: yellow 

ix. Clothes must be ________ before washing. (blued, repaired, ironed).

Ans: mended 

x. _________ articles should not be soaked before washing. (coloured, white, dirty).

Ans: coloured.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 9.5

1. Tick mark the statements that are true. Correct the false statements.

i. Neutral liquid soaps should be used for washing silks. True/False

Ans: True 

ii. Cold water should be used while washing woollen articles. True/False

Ans: False – Lukewarm water should be used for washing woollen articles

iii. Wool articles should be soaked in water. True/False

Ans: True 

iv. Wool articles can be cleaned with any detergent solution. True/False

Ans: False – woollen articles can be cleaned with a mild alkaline detergent solution 

v. Friction cannot be applied to clean woollen articles. True/False

Ans: True 

vi. Synthetics are squeezed well before drying. True/False

Ans: False – synthetics should not be squeezed and dried on a hanger. 

vii. Synthetics are ironed, if necessary, with a warm iron. True/False

Ans: True

1. Match the columns:

Column A	Column B
1 Wet silk or wool	a Strength decreases
2 Wet cotton	b Neutral detergents
3 Coloured cottons	c Detergent powders/cake
4 Silk	d No effect on strength
5 Wet viscose rayon	e Strength increases
6 White cotton	f Liquid detergent
	g Alkaline detergent

Ans: 

Column A	Column B
1 Wet silk or wool	e Strength increases
2 Wet cotton	a Strength decreases
3 Coloured cottons	d No effect on strength
4 Silk	f Liquid detergent
5 Wet viscose rayon	b Neutral detergents
6 White cotton	c Detergent powders/cake

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Explain the meaning of the word ‘laundering’.

Ans: Laundering of clothes consists of the following three steps:

• i. Washing or dry-cleaning garments to remove dirt, perspiration and smell.
• ii. Finishing the garments with stiffening agents like starch and gum, brightening or bleaching agents, drying them, then ironing or pressing, folding and hanging garments. 
• iii. Storing the garments for a short or long time.

2. What is a stain? How would you classify stains?

Ans: A stain is an unwanted mark of discolouration on a fabric caused by contact with another substance. Stains are classified based on their origin. They are, 

• Vegetable stains
• Grease stains
• Animal stains 
• Mineral stains Rust
• Miscellaneous stains

3. Describe the steps for removing the following stains from a cotton fabric.

• (i) Ghee
• (ii) Nail polish
• (iii) Red ink
• (iv) Grass
• (v) Paan (Betal leaf)

Ans: 

• (i) Ghee: Use grease absorbents and solvents like chalk, talcum powder to remove greasy matter and then remove the colouring matter.
• (ii) Nail polish: Soak in warm water and soap
• (iii) Red ink:
  • (a) Soak in sour butter milk (lassi) for half an hour 
  • (b) Apply lime juice and salt, and leave in the sun
  • (c) Bleach the stain
• (iv) Grass: Wash with soap and water
• (v) Paan (Betal leaf): apply a paste of onions and leave it in the sunlight

4. How will you wash a white cotton garment? Explain with reasons

Ans: Friction method: For washing strong fabrics like cotton and linen, this is the right method. You can apply friction in any of the following three ways.

• Hand friction: This is the most common method of washing clothes. Rub dirty areas vigorously with your hand till the dirt is removed. It is suitable for cleaning very soiled small-sized areas in garments, like cuffs, collar and the bottom of the lower garments, handkerchief and lace.
• Scrubbing brush: While cleaning kitchen dusters, which are very soiled, use a brush to remove dirt, grease and stains. Remember to place the fabric on a flat, hard surface before scrubbing. Hard scrubbing can clean the fabric well, but wears it out. 
• Beating stick: While washing large clothes like bed sheets and towels, use a wooden beating stick to provide friction. Spread the fabric on the floor, apply soap and then beat it with the stick, constantly changing the surface of the fabric with the other hand.

5. How does the laundering of synthetics differ from laundering of cottons?

Ans: Cotton fabrics are soaked in warm water, especially white cottons, to loosen the dirt. They are washed using friction methods or other pressure-applying tactics. They also require a whitening agent in the end and sometimes starching as well. On the other hand, synthetic fabrics are easier to wash and do not need soaking, starching or whitening agents. 

However, cotton fabrics need to be ironed to remove the wrinkles, but synthetic fabrics do not need ironing. If at all, they just need ironing with a warm iron. 

6. Shelly bought a white woollen cardigan. After wearing it twice, she washed it together with other clothes in a washing machine. Predict the effect on the cardigan and the reasons for it.

Ans: Woollen clothes are delicate and need only a mild alkaline detergent. They also do not need kneading or squeezing. In a machine washing with other clothes could harm the woollen fibres and cause their shape to be changed. 

7. Rehman wants to wash his brightly printed silk scarf at home. Tell him the correct procedure.

Ans: 

• Use lukewarm or cold water, a good neutral soap, light pressure and light rubbing while washing. There is no need to soak silks.
• Rinse well in cold water to remove soap completely.
• Apply starch (gum arabic) and dry in the shade.
• Pick up the clothes when evenly damp and iron with a warm iron. 
• Store preferably on hangers when completely dry.

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