Class 12 Agriculture Sample Question Paper 2022 Term II

Class 12 Agriculture Sample Paper 2022 Term II Solved

SECTION A

Answer any 03 questions out of the given 04 questions, 1 x 3 = 3

1. Who forms the heart of a business?

Ans: Employees or Workers

2. Name a fear that works as a barrier in entrepreneurship?

Ans: Fear of failure/Fear of the unknown/Fear of risk-taking

3. Write the main objectives of a sustainable society?

Ans: The Main objective of a sustainable society is to judiciously use the natural resources for the present and future generations.

4. Write the full form of ILO and IEO.

Ans: 

• ILO-International Labour Organisation
• IEO-International Employers Organisation

Answer any 01 question out of the given 02 questions 2 x 1 = 2

5. Write any two advantages of green jobs?

Ans: Advantages of green jobs:

• Limiting greenhouse gas emissions
• Minimising waste and pollution
• Protecting and restoring ecosystem
• Promote adaptation to the effects of climate change

6. Name any two common entrepreneurial competencies?

Ans: Entrepreneurial competencies

• Taking initiative
• Seeking and acting on opportunity
• Concern for high quality
• Commitment
• Problem solving

SECTION B 

Answer any 05 questions out of the given 07 questions 1 x 5 = 5

7. Why are herbicides used in flower preservatives?

Ans: Herbisides are used to control bacteria, yeasts, and molds growth to increase the shelf life of flowers.

8. At what age the drones perform mating flights chasing the virgin queen in the air?

Ans: Drones perform mating flights at 14 to 18 days.

9. How many eggs a female silk moth lays in 24 hours?

Ans: 1500 to 2000

10 Why do bees perform dance?

Ans: To indicate location of food materials to other bees

11. Name the two major silk-producing states of India?

Ans: Karnataka, West Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir

12. Which mushroom species has the maximum amount of protein?

Ans: Pleurotus florida (37.19% protein content)

13. Write the name of any two trees grown in Avenue gardening.

Ans: Trees grown in avenue gardening –Poplar, Beech, Lime, or horse chestnut

Answer any 04 questions out of the given 06 questions 2 x 4 = 8

14. Write a short note on botanical pesticides.

Ans: Land, capital, labour, management, risk, etc.

15. What are the advantages of vermicompost?

Ans:

• It improves soil health,
• It is cheap and chemical-free,
• It increases the activity of beneficial microbes in soil 
• It provides many nutrients to plants.

16. Write a short note on Trichoderma?

Ans: Trichoderma

• Trichoderma is a very effective biological means for plant disease management, especially the soil-borne.
• It is a free-living fungus that is common in soil and root ecosystems. It is highly interactive in root, soil, and foliar environments.
• It reduces growth, survival, or infections caused by pathogens by different mechanisms like competition, antibiosis, mycoparasitism, hyphal interactions, and enzyme secretion.
• Trichoderma is a fungicide effective against soil-borne diseases such as root rot.
• This is also used against Nectria galligena, which causes silver leaf disease of fruit trees by entering through pruning wounds.

17. Draw a flow chart for spawn preparation.

Ans: Spawn Preparation

Wheat grains

🠛

Boiled with water (1:1.5 w/v)

🠛

Drain off excess water

🠛

12g/kg grains CaSO4 and 3g/kg grains CaCO3

🠛

Filled in bottle

🠛

Sterilized at 22psi for 90 minutes

🠛

Inoculation with pure culture

🠛

Master spawn

🠛

Commercial spawn

18. Write the functions of packaging of fruits and vegetables?

Ans: A significant percentage of produce buyer and consumer complaints may be traced to container failure because of poor design or inappropriate selection and use. A properly designed produce container should contain, protect, and identify the produce, satisfying everyone from the grower to the consumer.

The main objective of packaging is to keep the fruits, vegetables and root crops in good condition until it is sold and consumed.

19. Define sericulture also give the scientific name of Silk moth?

Ans: Sericulture or silk production is the breeding and management of silk worms for the commercial production of silk. The scientific name of the silk moth is Bombyx mori. 

Answer any 03 questions out of the given 05 questions 3 x 3 = 9

20. Describe first and second grade preservatives with examples?

Ans:

• First-grade preservatives are common salt, vinegar, sugar, and natural preservatives. 
• Second grade-Chemically synthesized products like Sodium Metabisulfite, Sodium Benzoate

21. Write in brief about two important government schemes for food sector?

Ans: Important government schemes for food sector:

• Mega food parks
• Cold chain
• Agro processing cluster
• Food safety and quality assurance infrastructure, etc.

22. Describe in short the post-harvest management process of cereals?

Ans: 

• Puffing:- Puffed grains are often used as breakfast cereals or as snack food. During puffing, grains are exposed to a very high steam pressure, which causes the grain to burst open. The puffed grains can be further processed by toasting, coating, or mixing with other ingredients.
• Flaking:- Flaked cereals are partially cooked and can be used as quick-cooking or ready-to-eat foods. The grains are softened by partially cooking in steam. They are then pressed or rolled into flakes, which are dried. The flakes are eaten crisp and should have a moisture content of below 7%.
• Fermentation:- Doughs made from cereal flour can be fermented to make a range of products.
• Baking:- Doughs and batters made from cereal flours are baked to produce a range of goods.
• Extrusion:- Extrusion involves heating and forcing food (usually a dough) through a small hole to make strands or other shapes. The extruded shapes then undergo further processing such as frying, boiling, or drying. Extruded products include pastas, noodles, snack foods, and breakfast cereals.

23. What are the advantages of using wooden crates for keeping fruits and vegetables?

Ans: The advantages of wooden crates are:

• The crates can be manufactured and repaired locally.
• Wood is relatively resistant to different weather conditions and (sea) water.
• Wooden crates are often used on more than one journey and have a higher efficiency for larger fruits, e.g., watermelons.
• Most crates have good ventilation, and fast pre-cooling is possible.

24. Write the principles of Landscape gardening?

Ans: Principles of Landscape Gardening

• A. Balance: -Balance is a psychological sense of equilibrium. As a design principle, balance places the parts of a visual in an aesthetically pleasing arrangement. In visual images, balance is formal when both sides are symmetrical in terms of arrangement. 
• B. Proportion: -Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design. The issue is the relationship between objects, or parts, of a whole. This means that it is necessary to discuss proportion in terms of the context or standard used to determine proportions.
• C. Perspective: Perspective is created through the arrangement of objects in two-dimensional space to make they appear in real life. Perception can be achieved through the use of relative sizes of objects, overlapping objects, and blurring or sharpening objects.
• D. Emphasis: Emphasis is used by artists to create dominance and focus in their work. Artists can emphasize color, value, shapes, or other art elements to achieve dominance. Various kinds of contrast can be used to emphasize a center of interest.
• E. Movement: Motion or movement in a visual image occurs when objects seem to be moving in a visual image. Movement in a visual image comes from the kinds of shapes, forms, lines, and curves that are used.
• F. Pattern: Pattern uses the art elements in planned or random repetition to enhance surfaces or paintings or sculptures. Pattern increases visual excitement by enriching surface interest.
• G. Repetition: Repetition works with pattern to make the artwork seem active. The repetition of elements of design creates unity within the artwork.
• H. Rhythm: Rhythm is the repetition of visual movement of the elements -colors, shapes, lines, values, forms, spaces, and textures. Variety is essential to keep rhythms exciting and active, and to avoid monotony. 
• I. Variety: -Variety provides contrast to harmony and unity. Variety consists of the differences in objects that add interest to a visual image. Variety can be achieved by using opposites or strong contrasts. 
• J. Harmony: -Harmony in visual design means all parts of the visual image relate to and complement each other. Harmony pulls the pieces of a visual image together. Harmony can be achieved through repetition and rhythm. 
• K. Unity: – Unity is the relationship among the elements of a visual that helps all the elements function together. Unity gives a sense of oneness to a visual image. 
• L. Contrast: -Occasional contrasts are used to create an eye-catching feature in a garden; for example, contrasting foliage texture, colour, or form provides a focal point in the garden.

SECTION C (COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS)

Answer any 02 questions out of the given 03 questions

25. Describe the method of compost preparation for Mushroom cultivation.

Ans: Wheat straw mixed with chicken manure is sprayed with water, and a 45cm high pile is made on the fourth day, and the first turning is made. On the 7th day, wheat bran, gypsum, and urea are mixed thoroughly and piled up to 1.25-1.50 m height with a width ranging from 1.25 -1.5 m. The internal temperature of the compost should be maintained at 70-75°C within 24hr. The second turning is done on this day, whereas the third turning is done on the 8th day, with subsequent mixing of gypsum. On the 10th day, the compost is transferred to the pasteurization tunnel. Compost is filled in the pasteurization tunnel to a height of 7‘. Filling height depends upon the size of the tunnel.

26. Illustrate Biological control of disease with its advantages.

Ans: Biological control is the action of natural enemies (parasites, predators, and pathogens) in maintaining another organism‘s population density at a lower level than would occur in their absence. 

Advantages of biological control

• It is a long-time self-perpetuating control of the target pest. 
• Unlike insecticides, there is no fear of pests developing resistance. 
• There is no fear of environmental pollution. 
• In this method balance of nature in the ecosystem is not disturbed. 
• This is a long-term control method, and the cost of controlling the pest is economical. 
• There is no fear of pest resurgence, as normally happens with the application of insecticides.

27. Define Lac culture. Also, write the uses of Lac or shellac?

Ans: Lac is a resinous substance secreted by a tiny insect called Laccifer lacca (popular name ―lac insect‖). Shellac is the purified lac usually prepared in the orange or yellow flakes.

Lac or shellac is used in many ways

• The most common use is in polishing wooden furniture. The granules are dissolved in spirit and then applied in very thin layers on the wooden surfaces
• In sealing parcels, packets, and envelopes
• As an insulating material in electrical work
• In making phonograph records (now replaced by synthetic material)
• In shoe polishes
• In toys and jewellery

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