Chapter 8 Communicable and Lifestyle Diseases Textbook Solutions

NIOS Home Science Class 10 Chapter 8

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.1

1. What is a ‘Disease’?

Ans: Disease is a state of discomfort in which the normal functioning of the body is affected.

2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/words.

a. Diseases spread through infected food and water are…………… and…………………(typhoid and hepatitis/typhoid and dengue)

Ans: Typhoid, Hepatitis

b. Malaria is spread through ……………………… (fly/ mosquito bite/insects)

Ans: mosquito

c. If a patient suffers from dehydration, he/she should be given plenty of………… ( fruits/ vegetables/ fluid and ORS )

Ans: Plenty of fluids and oral rehydration solution

d. A person suffering from tuberculosis should …………………………. while coughing or sneezing. (cover his/her mouth/isolate himself/herself)

Ans: cover his mouth

3. Write two symptoms of the following diseases.

a. Influenza

b. Tetanus

c. Hepatitis

d. Cholera

Ans:

a. Fever, headache and body ache
b. Fever and dry coated tongue
c. Yellow eyes and dark yellow urine
d. Watery diarrhea and cramps in the legs

4. Mohan had consumed infected food but is not showing any signs of the disease. Can he make his friend Abdul ill? How?

Ans: Individual answer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.3

1. Why is there an increase in the occurrence of non-communicable or lifestyle diseases in countries like India? Who are the victims of these diseases?

Ans: The reasons for the increase in non-communicable diseases are,

More and more young people are seen smoking and drinking despite knowing the fact that these are harmful to their health.
Our nutritious and balanced meals are giving way to fast food and junk food, fresh fruits and vegetables are being rejected in favour of processed and packaged food, and soft drinks are replacing milk.
We prefer to use a bus or car instead of walking, even for short distances.
More and more machines are being developed each day to reduce the physical labour associated with our work.

2. Suggest three healthy eating practices that can prevent lifestyle diseases.

Ans:

Take a balanced diet at proper meal times.
Do not over-eat.
Avoid processed and packaged foods that are rich in sugar, fats, salt and calories and low in fiber, good
quality protein, minerals (iron and calcium) and vitamins.
Eat whole grains like cereals (wheat, whole wheat flour), millets (jowar, bajra) and avoid refined foods like maida.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.2

1. The full form of AIDS is……………………..

Ans: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome

2. Choose the correct alternative:

(i) AIDS is spread by

a) shaking hands

b) playing together

c) infected needles

d) water or food

Ans: c) infected needles

(ii) AIDS cannot be spread by

a) Sneezing

b) Blood transfusion

c) Sexual contact

d) Infected needles

Ans: a) Sneezing

TERMINAL EXERCISE

1. Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable or lifestyle diseases?

Ans:

Communicable diseases are caused by very tiny organisms called germs and parasites.
Some diseases do not get spread from one person to another through touch, air, food, water or sexual contact. These diseases may develop in a person due to faulty eating and living habits, e.g., obesity, diabetes and hypertension. These diseases are called lifestyle diseases.

2. Shazia went to a fair and had food that was exposed to flies and dust. The next day she had vomiting, diarrhoea and cramps in her legs. What do these symptoms indicate? What steps will you take to manage the patient?

Ans: These symptoms hint at cholera.

The personal belongings are kept separately and cleaned properly.
Provide properly washed and cooked food in disinfected utensils.

3. Lifestyle diseases impose financial burden and slow down the progress of the nation. Why?

Ans: Lifestyle diseases lead to a reduction in productivity and the development of the country. As these are chronic conditions, they are a financial burden for a lifetime. Therefore, there is an increasing concern these days about lifestyle diseases that can be easily prevented but not cured.

4. Write a slogan for each of the following –

a. Importance of safe drinking water

b. Promotion of physical activity

Ans: