Biology

Chapter 05 Tissues and Other Levels of Organization

NIOS Class 12 Biology Intext Solutions Chapter 5

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.1

1. Define a tissue.

Ans: A tissue is a group of cells with a common origin, structure and function.

2. Give one-word equivalent for the following :

(i) A plant tissue that consists of cells which continue to divide to produce more cells.

(ii) The meristematic tissue responsible for the increase in thickness of the stem of a tree.

(iii) The kind of plant tissues which consists of all similar cells.

(iv) The category of plant tissues in which the cells do not divide.

Ans:

(i) Meristematic;
(ii) Lateral meristem
(iii) Simple
(iv) Permanent

3. What do you mean by “cells of a tissue have similar origin”?

Ans: Their common origin means they are derived from the same layer of cells in the embryo. Being of a common origin, there are similar in structure and hence perform the same function.

4. Name the branch of Biology in which tissues are studied?

Ans: Histology

5. What is a complex tissue?

Ans: A complex tissue is made up of more than one type of cells working together as a unit.

6. Mention any two special features of the meristematic cells.

Ans:

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.2

1. Give Two characteristics and one example of the location of the given tissues in plants in the following table:

S.No.	Tissue Characteristics	Example of location
(i) Parenchyma	______	________
(ii) Collenchyma	________	_______
(iii) Sclerenchyma	_______	______

Ans:

S.No.	Tissue Characteristics	Example of location
(i) Parenchyma	Living Round cells	Root, stem and leaves
(ii) Collenchyma	Living polygonal cells with thickening at corners	Petiole and Mid-rib of leaves
(iii) Sclerenchyma	Dead and thick-walledElongated or irregular in shape	Woody Stems

2. Name the plant tissues which

(i) conduct water .

(ii) conduct food metabolites.

Ans: Xylem, phloem

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.3

1. List the different types of animal tissues

Ans: Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous tissues.

2. Match the items in Column I with those in Column II by writing the corresponding serial number within brackets.

Column I	Column II
(a) Compound Epithelium	(i) Epithelial tissue
(b) Basement membrane	(ii) For increasing the surface area
(c) Brush-bordered epithelium	(iii) Lining of trachea
(d) Salivary gland	(iv) Skin
(e) Ciliated Epithelium	(v) Cuboidal epithelium

Ans: a-iv, b-i, c-ii, e-iii

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.4

1. Name the different types of cells found in the different types of connective tissue.

Firbroblasts – areolar
Macrophages – areolar
Mast cells – areolar
Cartilage cells/chondrocyte – chondrocyte-cartilage
Bone cells/osteocyte – bone
Blood cells/WBC RBC – blood

2. Match the item in Column I with those in Column II, by writing the corresponding serial number within brackets:

Column I	Column II
a. Unstripped muscles	(i) multinucleate
b. Myofibrils	(ii) run parallel to each other in a striped muscle
c. Sarcolemma	(iii) cardiac muscles
d. Striped muscle	(iv) outer tough membrane of a striped muscle fibre
e. Branched myofibrils	(v) involuntary

Ans: a (v); (b) (ii); c (iv); d (i); e. (iii)

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.5

1. What is the function of the nervous tissue?

Ans: Sensory, control, and coordination.

2. What is the direction of the “flow of impulse” within a nerve cell from its dendrites to its axon end or from its axon end toward its dendrites?

Ans: Dendrite to the axon

3. What are the following parts in a nerve cell?

(i) Cyton

(ii) Dendrite

(iii) Axon .

(iv) Medullary sheath

(v) Node of Ranvier

Ans:

(i) cell-body
(ii) thin processes of cyton
(iii) sensory fibre
(iv) medullary layer
(v) interruptions in medullary sheath

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.6

1. Rearrange the following levels of organizations in their correct sequences:- tissue, cell, organ, organism, and organ system.

Ans: Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

2. Complete the following Table by giving one example of each of the following in an animal and plant.

Level of Examples

Organization	Animal	Plant
Cell	…..	…..
Tissue	…..	…..
Organ	…..	…..
Organ System	…..	…..
Organism	…..	…..

Ans:

Organization	Animal	Plant
Cell	White blood cells	Green cells in leaf
Tissue	Skin epithelium	Root caps
Organ	LIver	Leaves
Organ System	Respiratory system	Shoot syste,
Organism	Monkey	Hibiscus plant