Chapter 02 The Kingdom Monera, Protoctista, and Fungi

NIOS Class 12 Biology Intext Solutions Chapter 2

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.1

1. What is the chemical nature of the circular single chromosome of a bacterium?

Ans: DNA

2. Name the special region in the bacterial cell where genetic material lies.

Ans: Nucleoid

3. What is the main component of cell wall in prokaryotes?

Ans:  Peptidoglycan

4. State one point of difference between flagella and pili.

Ans: Flagella are thicker and longer than pili/used in movement, and used in conjugation.

5. Give one difference between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

Ans: Aerobic bacteria respire in the presence of oxygen/the anaerobic bacteria respire in the absence of oxygen.

6. What is transferred during sexual recombination in a bacterium?

Ans: A fragment of a DNA strand.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.2

1. Name the bacteria that :

(i) Fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil ….

(ii) Set milk into curd ….

(iii) Cause tuberculosis ….

(vi) Cause tetanus ….

Ans: 

(i) Azotobacter

(ii) Lactobacillus

(iii) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(iv) Clostridium tetani

2. Approximately how many bacteria may be obtained from one bacterium in an hour?

Ans: Eight

3. Give any three differences between bacteria and cyanobacteria.

Ans: Bacteria – smaller cells, flagella present, sexual recombination by conjugation. 

Cyanobacteria – large cells, no flagella, rare sexual recombination.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.3

1. Protoctists are single celled like most of the Monerans. Why have they been put in a separate kingdom? Answer in one short sentence.

Ans: Protoctista are Eukaryotes/ possess a true nucleus.

2. Name the protozoan which causes

(i) Amoebic dysentery …..

(ii) Malaria …..

Ans: 

(i) Entamoeba histolytica

(ii) Malarial parasite or Plasmodium.

3. Which is the kind of asexual reproduction found in Protoctista?

Ans: Binary fission

4. Through which organelle of the protoctists does respiration occur?

Ans: Mitochondria

5. Name the organelle responsible for regulating water content (osmoregulation) in amoeba.

Ans: Contractile vacuole

6. Name two kinds of locomotion found in protoctista.

Ans: Flagellar, Pseudopodial, or amoeboid (any two).

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.4

1. Name the slender filaments that form the body of a fungus.

Ans: Mycelium

2. What are the types of reproduction found in fungi?

Ans: Asexual and sexual reproduction.

3. Draw two small figures to show asexual reproduction in yeast.

Ans: 

4. Which are the four main kinds of fungi?

Ans: 

(i) Yeast

(ii) Slime moulds

(iii) Mushrooms and Toadstools

(iv) Lichens

(v) Aspergillus/Penicillium/Neurospora

INTEXT QUESTONS 2.5

1. Name

(i) the fungus from which Penicillin is extracted

(ii) a unicellular fungus.

(iii) The fungus that causes wheat rust.

(iv) The whitish cottony mass, growing on stale bread.

(v) Two common human diseases caused by fungi.

Ans: 

• (i) Penicillium notatum
• (ii) Yeast
• (iii) Puccinia graminis
• (iv) mycelium, Rhizopus
• (v) spores
• (vi) Ringworm, Athlete’s foot

2. Who discovered the antibiotic properties of Penicillium?

Ans: Alexander Fleming

Additional Study Materials

• NIOS Class 12 Biology Terminal Questions Answers!
• Chapter 01 Intext Solutions