Chapter 31 Food Production and Animal-Husbandry

NIOS Class 10 Science Chapter 31 Question Answers

INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.1

1. Which council has been set up in India for Agricultural Research and Development?

Ans: Indian Agricultural Research Council

2. Mention any three advantages of crop rotation.

Ans: Better harvest, controlling soil erosion, weed control over pests and diseases

3. In the table given below, fill in the blanks, and example has already been done for you.

Name	Method
1. Farming of ‘Moong’ after Potatoes	(A)_________
2. Growing four crops in the same field.	(B) ____________
3. _____________________	(C) Organic farming
4. ‘Barseem’ barley, sunflower	(D)_____________

Ans:

(i) Crop rotation (Mixed cropping)

(ii) to obtain a harvest without damaging the environment.

4. National Gardening Mission

5. Agronomy

6. Crop rotation

INTEXT QUESTION 31.2

1. Some statements are given below. Arrange them in the proper sequence so that the chain given below gets completed.

1. Use of grass-cutting implement

2. Transplantation of new plants

3. Preparing the vermicompost

4. Treating the seeds by immersing these in ceresin or agrosin.

5. Use of mix cropping

6. Making topsoil fertile

7. Preparation of the field for sowing

Ans: (a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 2 (e) 3

2. Mention a chemical and an organic method for protecting growing crops against attack by weeds.

Ans: Through the sprinkling of weed-killers like N, C, A, A, and Cemazine, etc.

3. What can be done to remove plant-destroying insects, etc.? What harm can be caused by chemical insecticides?

Ans: To remove insects, we can spray insecticides. But these can be poisonous for both plants and animals and can become a cause for environmental pollution. To control pest diseases, resistant types of crops can be used. Along with the chemical method, bio-controlled methods can also be used. For instance, water weeds are eaten by some fish.

4. Mention any two better ways of storing grains.

Ans: Pusa bin, Pusa cubicle

INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.3

1. Today, most schools of marine fish can be detected by the use of new technology, called —————————.

Ans: Through satellite and echo techniques

2. —————— are cultured to get pearls.

Ans: Oyster

3. Mention the names of any two fish of economic importance.

Ans: Mullet, Pearl spot

4. By increasing the lactation period of milch animals —————production can be simultaneously increased.

Ans: Milk production

INTEXT QUESTIONS 31.4

1. At any given time, the capacity of the availability, easy accessibility, and expenditure on food of all the people in any region/country is called———.

Ans: Food security

2. The grain stocks procured by the govt. Through the medium of FCI is called————.

Ans: Buffer stocks

3. The rationed material, from the state-controlled ration shops, is distributed through the ——————— system.

Ans: Public distribution

4. Mention any two programmes that were initiated with the purpose to eridation of poverty and achieving food security.

Ans: Mid-day meal scheme, Annapoorna scheme

5. The mixture of separated cells/tissues from plants and nutritive fluids in a funnel/beaker is called————.

Ans: Tissue/ cellular preservation

TERMINAL EXERCISES

Multiple Choice Questions.

1. The name of the governmental campaign that is encouraging horticulture is:

a. National Green Mission

b. National Gardening Mission

c. National Food Mission

d. National Harvest Mission

Ans: b. National Gardening Mission

2. The credit for the green revolution in the country goes to :

a. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam

b. Dr V Kurian

c. Dr M.S. Swaminathan

d. Dr. MGK Menon

Ans: c. Dr M.S. Swaminathan

3. The following are involved in the creation of biofertilizers:

(a) Grass, dry leaves, and urine/excrete of animals

(b) Chemical products

(d) Nitrogen fertilizers

Ans: (a) Grass, dry leaves, and urine/excrete of animals

4. Auxin or gibberellin chemicals are associated with this category

a. Weed killer

b. Fertilizer

c. Plant Growth Regulator

d. Fungicides

Ans: c. Plant Growth Regulator

5. For crop production and management of farms, which principles should the farmer be informed of?

Ans: The following principles should be adopted for crop production and agricultural field management:

Maintenance of fertility and productivity of soil needs arrangements for the prevention of diseases, and the removal of pests and weeds.
Sowing healthy seeds in the field at the right time, at the right distance, and up to the correct depth.
Proper arrangements for the availability of water and fertilizers.
Selection of the right crop types in accordance with variation in the type of soil and climate.
Crop harvesting at a suitable time.
Scientific storage of harvest.
Use of multiple cropping and mixed farming.
Crop rotation
Soil improvement and management.

6. What do you mean by crop rotation? Classify the advantages of crop rotation.

Ans: Growing crops in a predetermined sequence, at a particular time, is called crop rotation. Benefits of crop rotation

Maintains the fertility of fields and affords soil nutrition due to the abundance of nitrogen
Increases crop production
Prevents soil erosion
Economical crop production
Effective use of available resources
Control of insects and diseases affecting crops
Regular income throughout the year

7. From the perspective of food security, why is mixed cropping and multiple cropping considered better? Explain.

Ans: The biggest advantage of mixed cropping is that the farmer gets two crops simultaneously at one time or within a short interval of time from the same field. In multicropping, several crops become available at the same time from a small area.

8. Comment on the following

i. Formation of topsoil

ii. Treatment of seeds

iii. Preparation of the field for sowing seeds and looking after newborn plants

iv. Preservation of cells/tissues

Ans:

i. Formation of topsoil: It is formed of the products derived from various kinds
of stones that have combined with organic products.
ii. Treatment of seeds: Farmers treat them by immersing the seeds in chemicals such as Cerocen and Agrocen. These chemicals limit the damage done by these microbes to plants. After ‘treating’ them once, these seeds can be sown.
iii. Preparation of the field for sowing seeds and looking after newborn plants: The topsoil should be soft and loose, so that the delicate roots of saplings can grow properly. This is possible by digging and ploughing the field properly. Whenever the saplings are planted, the soil should be even leveled so that water gets distributed evenly upon irrigation.
iv. Preservation of cells/tissues: They are often frozen to preserve them and to be used later.

9. Just imagine that you have been invited to a village chaupal to give a lecture on ‘Arrangement for Protecting Harvest’. What will you tell the villagers and farmers on this topic?

Ans:

Tell them to control weeds by spraying weedicides like Cemazine. The weeds can compete with the crops for nutrition, reducing the quality of the harvest.
Control crop pests and diseases using insecticides. Pests can attack the various parts of the plants, drain fluid from the cells, or make holes in the fruits or branches.

10. During the storage of grains in granaries, tell about any two possibilities, by which, how can reach the door of the stored grains.

Ans: Any Two.

Grain can be dried in the sun, or it can be dried by exposing it to hot/warm air.
The godown, sacks, tanks or vessels used for storage of grain must be clean and should not have cracks or holes in them.
Sprinkling of insecticides and fungicides on the godowns and the storage vessels. Fumigation (in the form of an insecticidal mix or fumigant) is also used.
Grain is also treated with neem leaves, black pepper, and oil to prevent insects from ovulating (laying eggs).
Storage vessels that are air-free, rodent-free, and moisture-free are used.
They also maintain uniform temperature.

11. What advantage assures to the farmer through animal husbandary. Many animal rights activists protest against animal husbandry. Write a note of one or two pages on this topic.

Ans: Animal husbandry is that branch of science which is concerned with the management of various methods of better production of food items and the procurement of better services from animals. It includes producing proper nutrition for animals and management of issues related to reproduction and control of diseases. It helps farmers improve and increase the production of eggs, milk, honey, wool, and meat, which in turn will improve their economic benefits.

Farmers can use the farmyard manure for their plants.
Milch animals such as cows and buffaloes help farmers in agricultural work such as ploughing, irrigation, bearing loads, etc.
Chicken can be fed with agricultural byproducts.
In India, farmers combine rice farming with fisheries, through mixed fishery, fish can be
enhanced.

12. How can the production of hen rearing and fisheries activities be increased?

Ans:

For the production of a new breed of hens, local breeds such as ‘Asil’ and a foreign breed (such as leghorn) are interbred. In this way, new chicken breeds have an amazing capacity to tolerate high temperatures, and their proper rearing costs much less.
Maximum fish production is done through aquaculture. In India, farmers combine rice farming with fisheries through mixed farming, and fish can be enhanced. In this process, both local and imported types of fish are used.

13. By explaining being made at the national level in relation to the country’s food security, kindly explain as to why food security is in the country’s interest today.

Ans:

There is still a portion of the population that faces food insecurity. Landless people, those with very limited agricultural land, are the primary sufferers. Rural laborers, small-scale self-employed people, etc, also need food security. In urban areas, migrant laborers are the primary sufferers. This is the main reason why food security is in the country’s interest, which will ensure that everyone who is unable to provide for their food will be provided with.

14. Comment on the following:

i. Food security for the increasing population

ii. Buffer stocks

iii. Public distribution system

iv. Green revolution

Ans:

i. Food security for the increasing population

Food security is dependent upon the processes related to the public distribution system, governmental alertness, and attempts to emerge out of food-related issues. It is dependent upon the following factors. Availability of food, accessibility of food, and the capacity to buy a minimum amount of food.

ii. Buffer stocks

Buffer stocks are those stocks of grains that are obtained by the government through the medium ofthe Food Council of India (FCI). Wheat and Rice have been included in the buffer stock. The Indian Food Council buys wheat and rice from the farmers of these regions, where they are grown in surplus. The farmers are paid a predetermined sum for their crops. This sum is called the Minimum Support Price.

iii. Public distribution system

The grain obtained from the Indian Food Council is distributed among the poor sections of society via the state-controlled Ration shops. This is known as the Public distribution system. In view of achieving food security, India’s Public Distribution System has proved to be one of the government’s highly effective public policies. It has not only regulated the price of grains but has also provided ordinary people with items of food at nominal prices.

iv. Green revolution

By adopting new agricultural strategies, India initiated the’Green Revolution’ which began especially with the increased production of wheat and rice. In July 1968, the erstwhile Prime Minister Indira Gandhi issued a special postal stamp entitled ‘Green Revolution and this conveyed the powerful message of this agricultural revolution to her countrymen. This success with wheat was repeated with rice, later on, although it also cannot be denied that this increase in crop yield was unequally distributed in the country.