According to the 42nd Amendment in the Constitution of India, “The state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country”. The government of India acted upon this amendment and has introduced various acts and laws specifically designed to protect wildlife and the environment.
Here are some of the significant environmental acts in India.
It gives the state and central boards the power to enforce this act. The last amendment was in 1987.
This applies to the manufacturing, handling, and management of batteries and their components. It also includes regulations for used batteries. The rules are under the Environment Protection Act 1986.
This is for the sustainable use and conservation of biological diversity and the proper sharing of benefits from these resources.
It directs the healthcare industry to process and handle the hospital waste with proper segregation, management, disposal, and treatment. This rule comes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986, with an amendment in 2016.
It regulates activities such as construction to protect water bodies along the coastline. It comes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.
This act was implemented to improve the protection of environmental quality, control pollution, and restrict operations that pollute the environment. This was enforced after the Bhopal Gas tragedy and was amended in 1991.
This is for the protection and conservation of forests. The last amendment was in 1988.
This is an amendment to the Hazardous Waste Management & Handling Rules, 1989. It controls the generation, treatment, collection, storage, import and handling of biohazard waste.
This act is for the protection of the forest, transport, and the duty levied on forest products.
It authorises an authority to properly inspect the industrial activities if hazardous chemicals and their storage. The rules were amended in 2000. It comes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.
This act is for the effective disposal of environmental-related cases concerning forest conservation and other natural resources. It also helps the enforcement of laws and rules related to giving proper relief funds or compensation for damages to persons or property.
It enacts the terms and conditions related to noise pollution to protect human health. These rules come under the Environmental Protection Act 1986. It was last amended in 2010.
These rules enforce the use of plastic bags of 40-50 microns in thickness and reduce the use of plastic that is under 50 microns. It was implemented right from the Gram Panchayat level.
This act is to provide instant relief to persons affected by accidents involving hazardous substances handling. It was amended in 1992.
It regulates the production of ozone-depleting substances and comes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.
It recognises and protects the forest rights, occupation of forest land by tribes and forest dwellers.
It is an amendment of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000. It applies to all areas for proper collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing, and disposal of solid waste. It comes under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.
It prevents water pollution, establishes the quality and amount of effluents, etc. Under this rule, the industries that dispose of waste into water bodies must seek permission. It was amended in 1988.
It enforces a fee or cess on industrial usage of water. It was amended in 2003.
It protects anything connected to bird, animals, and their habitat. It was amended in 2006.
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