Class 12 Agriculture PYQ 2023 Solved

Class 12 Agriculture PYQ 2023 Solved ( Code: 332)

Time: 3 hrs

Max Marks: 60

Section A

(Objective Type Questions)

1. Answer any 4 questions out of the given 6 questions on employability skills. 4×1=4

(i) Which of the following is not a way to maintain positive attitude?

(a) Adequate sleep

(b) Be proactive

(d) Disorganised work schedule

Ans: (d) Disorganised work schedule

(ii) New slide can be added to a presentation file by :

(a) Ctrl + M

(b) Ctrl + N

(d) Ctrl + P

Ans: (b) Ctrl + N

(iii) Which one of the following signs is used to define a formula in spreadsheet?

(a) \

(b) =

(d) { }

Ans: (b) =

(iv) Goal setting does not help us to focus on :

(a) What we want

(b) How to achieve it

(d) Changes in deadlines

Ans: (d) Changes in deadlines

(v) Identify the incorrect statement :

(a) Goals must have deadlines.

(b) Goals should always be unrealistically measurable.

(d) Goals should always be measurable.

Ans: (b) Goals should always be unrealistically measurable.

(vi) Google Slide, Apple Keynote are examples of __________.

(a) Programming software

(b) Presentation software

(d) Photo editing software

Ans: (b) Presentation software

2. Answer any 5 out of the given 7 questions. 5×1=5

(i) Define safe food.

(ii) Gooseberry, aonla, and citrus fruits are rich sources of which vitamin?

(iii) Write the names of two nitrifying bacteria.

Ans:

(i) Safe food means food that does not contain any poisonous, deleterious, or disease-causing substance or microorganisms that may render such food injurious to human health.

(ii) Vitamin C

iii. Nitrifying bacteria (Any two)

a) Nitrosomonas
b) Nitrosococcus
c) Nitrobacter

(iv) Name one value-added product obtained from oilseed crop.

Ans: Oil cake

(v) What is the other name of Agaricus bisporus ?

Ans: White button mushroom/button mushroom

(vi) How does sun drying of food help in its preservation?

Ans: Sundrying reduces moisture level in food to such a low level that microorganisms cannot survive or grow on food.

(vii) Application of urea provides which essential nutrients to plants?

Ans: Nitrogen

3. Answer any 6 out of the given 7 questions. 6×1=6

(i) Which vitamin can be synthesised by human skin in the presence of sunlight?

Ans: Vitamin D

(ii) Name one financial assistance provided by Government of India for promoting organic farming.

Ans: Any One

a) National Horticulture Mission
b) Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan States (HMNEH)
c) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna
d) National Food Security Mission
e) National Project on Organic Farming

(iii) Define field capacity.

Ans: Field capacity is the amount of soil moisture or water content held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased, which usually takes place within 2 – 3 days after rain or irrigation in previous soils of uniform structure and texture or field capacity is the maximum amount of water which a soil can retain against ground water.

(iv) What is the principle behind modified atmospheric packaging?

Ans: To control the amount of CO2 and O2 gases around the fruits and vegetables

(v) What is sodium benzoate?

Ans: It is the salt of benzoic acid and is soluble in water, mostly used in the preservation of fruit juices, squashes, and cordials.

(vi) What should be the optimum soil sampling depth for crops like sugarcane, cotton, plantation crops, and horticultural crops?

Ans: up to 60-100 cm depth.

(vii) Name the preservation method adopted during preservation of fruit juice without use of chemical preservatives.

Ans: Pasteurization /heat treatment

4. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. 5×1=5

(i) Write one difference between stretch and shrink wrapping.

Ans: In the case of shrink wrapping, shrink film is used as the basic material and heat forms an important part of the operation, whereas, in the case of stretch wrapping, stretch film is used as the basic material and no heat is applied during the operation

(ii) Write the names of two macronutrients.

Ans: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulphur.

(iii) What is Landscaping?

Ans: Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including the following: Living elements such as flora or fauna; or what is commonly called gardening, the art and craft of growing plants with a goal of creating beauty within the landscape.

(iv) Name two free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Ans: Any two

a) Azotobacter chroococcum
b) Azotobacter vinelandii
c) Beijernckia
d) Klebsiella
e) Anabaena
f) Nostoc

(v) Name two commonly used organic acids in food preservation.

Ans: a) Acetic acid (Vinegar)

b) Lactic acid

c) Propionic acid

(vi) Most suitable and commonly used grass for lawn-making in India is __________.

Ans: Doob grass (Cynodon dactylon or Bermuda grass)

5. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. 5×1=5

(i) Name two preservatives used in preparation of pickles.

Ans: Any two

a) Oil
b) Salt
c) Acetic acid

(ii) Expand DAP.

Ans: DAP: Di-Ammonium Phosphate

(iii) What is zero energy cool chamber?

Ans: The zero energy cool chamber is used to enhance the shelf life of fresh fruit and vegetables by maintaining the temperature and relative humidity during summer and winter seasons naturally with the application of water.

(iv) Write the names of two highly mobile nutrients in plants.

Ans: Highly mobile nutrients in plants (Any two)

a) Nitrogen (N)
b) Phosphorus (P)
c) Potassium (K)

(v) Write the names of two nitrogenous fertilizers.

Ans: Nitrogenous fertilizer (Any two)

a) Anhydrous ammonia (82 % N)
b) Urea (46 % N),
c) Ammonium sulfate (21 % N)
d) Ammonium nitrate (34 % N)
e) Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (25 % N)

(vi) What is jelly?

vi Jelly is a semi-solid product prepared by boiling a clear, strained solution of pectin containing fruit extract with a sufficient quantity of sugar and a measured quantity of acid.

6. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions. 5×1=5

(i) Name the style of gardening which reflects naturalistic effect of total view and represents natural beauty.

Ans: Informal style/natural style/Wild style

(ii) Write one function of magnesium in plants.

Ans: Function of magnesium in plants (Any One)

a) Primary component of chlorophyll and is therefore actively involved in photosynthesis.
b) Structural component of ribosomes, which are required for protein synthesis.
c) Involved in phosphate metabolism, respiration, and the activation of several enzyme systems.

(iii) What is the pH value of acidic soil?

Ans: 0-7 (below 7)

(iv) Amchur is a value added product obtained from which fruit?

Ans: Mango

(v) Which gas acts as a preservative when potassium metabisulphite is used during preservation of fruit juice?

Ans: SO₂ (Sulfur dioxide)

(vi) Write the name of most suitable method of irrigation for fruit trees.

Ans: Check the basin/ Thala method/Basin method

Section B

(Subjective Type Questions)

Answer any 3 questions out of the given 5 questions on employability skills. Answer each question in 20-30 words. 3×2=6

7. Describe any two roles and functions of an entrepreneur.

Ans:

Entrepreneurs must be capable of turning ideas into reality.
Entrepreneurs conduct studies to assess the market feasibility of a proposed product or service.

8. List two advantages of presentation software.

Ans:

Making changes in digital presentations is easy.
A digital presentation can be shown to a much larger audience by projecting on a screen.

9. Explain any two qualities which are necessary for making an entrepreneur successful.

Ans:

An entrepreneur must be able to initiate action and take advantage of an opportunity.
A successful entrepreneur must have self-confidence.

10. How can a spreadsheet be protected with password?

Ans:

1. Click on Tools and select Protect Spreadsheet
2. A Protect Document dialog box appears.
3. Type in a password.
4. Type the same password in the Confirm textbox.
5. Click on OK.

11. List any four sources of motivation and inspiration.

Ans:

Start the day with a morning routine.
Do not approach life with ‘problems’. Approach it with ‘solutions’.
Move towards your goals and dreams. Be cheerful and work hard to achieve the dreams.
Feed the mind with positivity, read motivating books, listen to music with uplifting lyrics, watch inspiring movies, etc.

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 20-30 words each. 3×2=6

12. Write two value added products of the following :

(a) Tomato

(b) Wheat

Ans: Value-added products

a) Tomato: Ketchup, Sauce, Puree, Tomato powder, Soup, etc. (Any Two)

b) Wheat: Bread, muffins, noodles, pasta, biscuits, cakes, pastries, sweet and savoury snack foods, etc. (Any Two)

13. Write any one benefit of the following :

(a) Honey

(b) Bee wax

Ans:

a) Honey: In addition to its use as a natural sweetener, honey is used as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial agent, in Ayurvedic medicine, etc (Any One)

b) Beeswax: Making natural wax candles, easy sliding wooden drawers, as a sewing aid, makes zippers zip, and sealing envelopes with wax, polishes(Any One)

14. Write the role of the following chemicals during post-harvest treatment of cut flowers :

(a) Sucrose

(b) Germicide

Ans:

a) Sucrose: Sucrose is the most common food source used in floral preservatives. It provides energy to sustain flowers longer and to open flowers in the bud stage. 1-2% sucrose is the standard amount in preservatives.

b) Germicide: Germicides are used to control bacteria, yeasts, and molds. These microorganisms harm flowers by producing ethylene, blocking the xylem, producing toxins, and increasing sensitivity to low temperatures/ killing germs, resulting in increased shelf life. Slow the rate of decomposition, etc.

15. Differentiate between soil fertility and soil productivity.

Ans:

Soil Fertility	Soil Productivity
Influenced by the physical, chemical, and biological factors of the soil.	It is used to indicate crop yields.
It is the function of the available nutrients of the soil.	Depends upon fertility and location.
It is the function of soil fertility, management, and climate.	It is the function of soil fertility, management and climate.
Not all fertile soils are productive	All productive soils are fertile.
It is an inherent property of the soil.	It is not an inherent property of the soil.
It is an index of available nutrients to plants.	It is evaluated by crop production.
It is evaluated by soil testing in a laboratory.	Can be measured in terms of money

16. What is the role of radiation treatment in the following commodities?

(a) Onion

(b) Mango

(c) Potato

(d) Raisins

Ans:

a) Onion: Sprout inhibition
b) Mango: Shelf life extension and quarantine treatment, Fruit fly and stone weevil disinfestations
c) Potato: Sprout inhibition
d) Raisins: Insect disinfestations

Answer any 2 out of the given 3 questions in 30-50 words each. 2×3=6

17. Write the criteria given by Arnon and Stout for essential plant nutrients.

Criteria given by Arnon and Stout for essential plant nutrients

a) A deficiency of the given element makes it impossible for the plant to complete its life cycle.
b) The deficiency is specific for the given element and not replaceable by another element.
c) The element is a constituent of an essential metabolite or it is required for the action of an enzyme system.

18. Why is waxing of fruits and vegetables commonly done as an important post-harvest treatment? Give three reasons.

a) Waxing of fruits or vegetables is a common post-harvest practice.
b) Help to reduce water loss and respiration during handling and marketing.
c) It helps in sealing tiny injuries and scratches on the surface of fruits and vegetables.
d) It improves cosmetic appearance and prolongs the storage life of fruits and vegetables.

19. Write three benefits of having lawn in park/garden.

Benefits of having a lawn in a park/garden (Any Three)

a) Lawns are a common feature of gardens, public landscapes, and parks.
b) They add beauty to the garden.
c) They are created for aesthetic pleasure.
d) Lawns are a surface for children to play on and provide cool comfort on hot days. They provide excellent cover to help control soil erosion
e) Gives peace of mind/relaxation, etc.

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50-80 words each. 3×4=12

20. Describe the merits of flood irrigation.

Merits of flood irrigation (Minimum Four benefits)

a) No other field layout is necessary except the levelling and preparation of impervious boundary bunds.
b) No land area is utilized for water distribution. As a result, the wastage of land becomes minimal.
c) Labour supervision is required for the application of water in the field.
d) Labour requirement is minimum.
e) A suitable method for an area where a cheap and abundant supply of water is available.
f) Cheapest method of irrigation

21. Describe the main principles of organic farming.

Main principles of organic farming ( Minimum four benefits)

a) To work as much as possible within a closed system and draw upon local resources.
b) To maintain the long-term fertility of soils/ health of soil
c) To avoid all forms of environmental pollution that may result from agricultural techniques.
d) To produce foodstuffs of high nutritional quality and sufficient quantity.
e) To reduce the use of fossil energy in agricultural practice to a minimum.
f) To give livestock conditions of life that conform to their physiological need.
g) To make it possible for agricultural producers to earn a living through their work and develop their potentialities as human being.
h) To maintain sustainable development

22. Describe why packaging is important in marketing of fruits and vegetables and the various characteristics of packaging.

Packaging is one of the important considerations in the vegetable and fruit market to reduce post-harvest losses, serve to protect against contamination, damage, and, most importantly, against excess moisture loss.

Characteristics of packaging are

a) to contain – produce as a handling unit and a marketable unit
b) to protect against rough handling, moisture, heat, and pressure
c) to communicate – identification information, trade name
d) to market the product – Improve appearance, reduce the cost of handling, facilitate inspection.
e) Availability of packaging material easily and at a cheap rate

23. Explain any four principles of landscape gardening.

Principles of Landscape Gardening (Any Four)

a) Balance – aesthetically pleasing arrangement, maybe horizontal, vertical, and radial.
b) Proportion – relative size of various elements.
c) Perspective – arrangement of objects to draw the audience into visual perception.
d) Emphasis – dominance and focus in the work created by artists.
e) Movement – The path the eye follows through kinds of shapes, forms, and lines.
f) Pattern – art elements in planned/random repetition to enhance painting/sculpture.
g) Repetition – create unity within the artwork
h) Rhythm – to avoid the monotony, repetition of visual movement
i) Variety – differences in objects that add interest to the visual image
j) Harmony – how all parts of the visual image relate to and complement each other.
k) Unity – Harmony of whole composition
l) Contrast – occasional contrast to enhance the features of the garden.

24. (a) Why is fertilizer consumption in India inadequate and imbalanced? Explain.

(b) Write the advantages of INM.

(a) Fertilizer use is Inadequate and Imbalanced.

i. N : P₂O₅ : K₂O use is wide
ii. The income level of farmers encourages the imbalanced use of fertilizer
iii. Rise in global prices of fertilizer and its raw material
iv. Lack of knowledge of soil fertility/quality
v. Indiscriminate use of fertilizer to earn more profit from crop production

(b) Advantages of INM

i. Restoration and sustenance of soil fertility and crop productivity
ii. Prevention of secondary and micronutrient deficiency
iii. Economising fertilizer use and an increase in Nutrient use efficiency/Low cost of cultivation
iv. Favourable effect of physical, chemical, and biological health of soils/improves soil health
v. Quality of produce increases
vi. Reduced use of chemical fertilizer
vii. Improves the condition of global warming, etc