Tourism Chapter 13 – Growth and Patterns of Tourism in India

NIOS Class 12 Tourism Chapter 13 Solutions

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.1

1. Differentiate between domestic and international tourists.

Ans: A person who travels within the country to a place other than his/her usual place of residence or work and stays in any accommodation for not less than 24 hours is a domestic tourist. An international tourist is a person visiting India on a foreign passport who stays at least 24 hours in India. The purpose should be holiday, leisure, sports, pilgrimage, religious belief, education, health-medical, and social functions. There should not be any kind of job undertaken and salary/remuneration received.

2. Explain the natural and cultural landscape tourism.

Ans: Natural Landscapes Include – Mountain tourism, Island tourism, Desert tourism, Coastal tourism, Lacustrine tourism, Wildlife tourism, and Adventure tourism. Whereas Cultural Landscape includes – Religious tourism, Historical tourism, Traditional tourism, Health and medical tourism, Sports tourism, and Rural tourism.

3. Describe the MICE tourism.

Ans: (MICE) means Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions. It is a fast-emerging trend in the tourism sector, particularly after the liberalisation of the Indian economy since 1991. Medical Tourism is also a fast-emerging sector because of cheaper and more efficient care.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.2

1. Define the growth of tourism.

Ans: The Growth of tourism may be positive or negative. Positive growth takes place when there is an increase in the number of tourists. Negative growth occurs when there is a decrease in tourist numbers as compared to past years.

2. What is the pattern of foreign tourist arrivals in India?

Ans: Out of the top ten tourist-originating nations to India, the percentage share in FTAs in India during 2014 was the highest from the USA with 14.57% followed by Bangladesh with 12.27%.

3 Which state of India contributes to domestic tourism significantly?

Ans: The state of Tamil Nadu significantly contributes to domestic tourism.

Terminal Exercises

1. Discuss the growth and patterns of International tourists visiting India.

Ans: 

• During the first half of the 20th century, there was a slow growth of international tourism in India. 
• In the second half of his century, there was a rapid growth in tourism activities and the movement of international tourists in India. India’s exposure to the developed countries and the development of infrastructure in the tourism sector helped with this growth. 
• Later, the sound financial health and spare time of tourists from rich countries for holidaying, sightseeing, business, meetings, etc. have led to the growth of the tourism industry. Good transport, accessibility, communication, accommodation, etc., are the main reasons for increasing travel and tourism in recent decades. 
• In 1990, India became a major tourist destination among the South Asian nations. It captures more than half of the tourist arrivals and about 75% of the tourist receipts of South Asia.
• The total number of foreign tourist arrivals in India has continued to increase. There was a sharp increase from 1951 to 2014. In 1951, the number of foreign tourists was merely 16,829.
• It increased to 6.30 million in 2011.
• By the year of 2014, the number increased to 7.4 million. The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015 ranks India in 52nd position out of 141 countries.

2. Explain the factors affecting the growth of tourism.

Ans: Some important factors responsible for the growth of tourism in any area are,

• (i) Geographical: Generally, tourists from hot plains go to hill stations in summer for a cooler and pleasant climate. Tourists from cold areas go to hot areas in the winter season. Location, climate, landscape and geographical diversity of a region attract tourists in large numbers. 
• (ii) Cultural Events: Some social activities like festivals, fairs, dances, meetings, local customs, and rituals attract the tourists in large numbers. In West Bengal, Durga Pooja, Holi and Diwali in North India, Carnival in Goa, Dandiya in Gujarat, Desert Festival in Rajasthan, Surajkund Mela in Haryana, Onam in Kerala, etc. are important events which large a large number of tourists.
• (iii) Safety and Security: Safety and security influence the tourist growth greatly. If there is any mishap or tragedy involving any tourist, that incident decreases the inflow of tourists. Every tourist wants his/her safety first. In the Kashmir valley, tourism has gone down significantly, particularly after 198,5 due to terrorist activities, and tourist inflow turned towards other states like Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, etc.
• (iv) Economic condition: People with high incomes generally travel more than the lower class, because they have high purchasing power. They can spend a lot of money on travel and tourism activities.
• (v) Facilities and Services: Various infrastructural facilities and services determine the tourist traffic tremendously. These include accommodation, hotel, accessibility, transport, banking services, communication, bookings, guides, recreational activities, etc. The availability and quality of these servicesattracts or discourage the tourist from visiting any area.
• (vi) Government Policies: For promoting tourism in the country, the government can give some subsidies, packages, a liberal visa policy, and travel regulations. Some countries do not require a visa for tourists; they grant it on arrival, while certain nations have very tough conditions for getting it. To promote tourism, the Government of India conducts some shows to attract tourists from various countries by demonstrating tourist attractions.

3. Examine the steps taken by the Government of India to promote Tourism.

Ans: Central and State governments are taking a number of initiatives to promote tourism in the country. 

• The Ministry of Tourism makes various national policies for the development and promotion of tourism in India. Further, the Ministry also consults and collaborates with different stakeholders and the representatives of the private sector.
• Various efforts are being made to promote new forms of tourism like rural, cruise, medical, and eco-tourism. The Ministry also has the Incredible India campaign to promote Tourism in India.

Additional Study Materials

• NIOS Class 12 Tourism Syllabus Bifurcation
• NIOS Class 12 Tourism Sample Question Paper
• Chapter 11. Cultural Attractions of India
• Chapter 12. Natural Tourist Attractions in India